Chapter 22 Cardiothoracic Key Terms Flashcards
alveoli
The terminal end of the bronchioles, grape-like clusters within the lung where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place
aneurysm
A sac formed by localized dilatation of the walls of an artery due to structural weakening
arrhythmia
Absence of cardiac rhythm
atherosclersis
An arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaque that lines the inner layer of arteries causing a narrowing of the lumen resulting in a decreased flow of blood to organs supplied by arteries
atria
Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava veins and the coronary sinus
cannulation
The surgical insertion of a cannula into a body cavity or a lumen such as a blood vessel
cardiac cycle
Everything that occurs within the heart during a single heartbeat
diastole
The period between contractions of the atria and ventricles, and the blood is entering the relaxed chambers; indicated by the lower number of the blood pressure reading
empyema
The collection of pus in the pleural space due to a bacterial infection that is removed by surgical incision and drainage
expiration
Also called exhalation that refers to the passive exhaling of air from the lungs
fibrillation
Abnormal involuntary and uneven contractions of a heart chamber; it is described according to the chamber that is affected such as ventricular fibrillation
hemoptysis
Sputum that is coughed up that contains blood
hyaline cartilage
An elastic connective tissue that covers the ends of bones, supports the trachea and larynx, and connects the ribs to the sternum. It is covered by the perichondrium and calcifies as the individual ages
hypoxia
An inadequate amount of oxygen supply to the tissues of the body
infarction
An area of dead tissue caused by an inadequate supply of oxygenated blood
infiltrate
Accumulation or diffusion of a foreign substance into tissue
inspiration
The act of drawing air into the lungs to facilitate the exchange of oxygen for carbon-dioxide that is then exhaled
mediastinum
The middle area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
myocardium
The muscle of the heart that is composed of cardiac muscle cells that contract and force blood from the heart’s chambers
oxygenated
Saturated with oxygen
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Congenital defect that involves failure of the closure of the ductus arteriosus during fetal life
perfusion
Intentional introduction of drugs and/or fluids into the bloodstream such as during open heart surgery
pericardium
A thin serous sac that surrounds the heart; it consists of the serous pericardium and fibrous pericardium
pleura
A thin serous membrane that encloses the lung, composed of a single layer of mesothelial cells on top of a thin layer of connective tissue; it is divided into the visceral and parietal pleural layers
prolapse
To fall or slip out of normal anatomical position
regurgitation
Backward flow of fluid, in the opposite of a normal direction
stent
(1) Device inserted to support luminous structures while still allowing passage of fluid; (2) external device applied to secure a skin graft or dressing in place
systole
Represents the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
tachycardia
Fast heart rate that is greater than 100 beats per minute
tamponade
Pathological compression of an anatomical part
ventricles
The lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria
