CHAPTER 24: IMAGING OF PATIENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS Flashcards
refers to the strong, involuntary effort to vomit.
GAGGING
also called the pharyngeal reflex
GAG REFLEX
The areas that are most likely to elicit the gag reflex when stimulated INCLUDE :
THE SOFT PALATE And POSTERIOR LATERAL OF THE TONGUE
Before the gag reflex is initiated, the following two reactions occur:
- Cessation of respiration
* Contraction of the muscles in the throat and abdomen
A person can gag and breathe at the same time. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
Precipitating factors for the initiation of the gag reflex include:
psychogenic stimuli (stimuli originating in the mind)
tactile stimuli (stimuli originating from touch).
To prevent the gag reflex, the dental radiographer must convey a confident attitude.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
. In the patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex, every effort should be made to limit the amount of time that a _____ remains in the mouth.
receptor
Of all receptor placements, which is most likely to elicit the gag reflex?
maxillary molar receptor
In such patients where intraoral images are impossible to obtain, what should you do ?
Instead, the dental radiographer must expose an extraoral image such as extraoral bite-wings or panoramic projection to obtain diagnostic information.
defined as a “physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.”
disability
A person with this disability may have problems with vision, hearing, or mobility.
physical disabilty
“a substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before the age of 22 and is of indefinite duration.”
developmental disability
It is important that the dental radiographer recognize situations in which the patient cannot tolerate intraoral exposures. In such cases, ____________should be exposed;
NO intraoral exposures
When treating pediatric patients, the dental radiographer must be aware of the following:
- Tooth eruption sequences
- Prescribing of dental images
- Recommended techniques
- Types of examinations• Digital sensor issues
- Patient and equipment preparations
- Patient management
how many teeth does a pediatric patient have
20 primary teeth
10 max
10 mand
at what age does a mixed dentition occur
6-12 years
how many third molars are erupted by the age of 21
4
by the age of 13 how many teeth do most adolescents have ?
28 permanent teeth
An imaging examination that includes all of the tooth-bearing areas is recommended at the early ____________ stage
mixed dentition
In the pediatric patient, bite-wing images are needed whenever evidence of __________ is suspected.
CARIES
In the absence of caries, bite-wing images are usually prescribed every_________ months with primary tooth contact, or every ___ months with permanent tooth contact.
12-18
24
In children with primary or transitional dentition, the __________ technique is preferred because the small size of the mouth precludes the placement of a receptor beyond the apical regions of teeth.
bisecting
the branch of dentistry concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp
endodontics
this treatment usually involves removal of the dental pulp (nerve tissue) from the pulp chamber and canals within the tooth, then filling the empty pulp chamber and canals with a material such as gutta percha or silver points
endodontic treatment
one who has undergone root canal therapy.
endodontic patient
Equipment used during a root canal procedure includes
a rubber dam,
rubber dam clamp,
root canal instruments
(files, reamers, broaches), and filling materials (gutta percha and silver points).
this beam alignment device can be used as an aid in positioning the receptor during a root canal procedure; this holder fits around a rubber dam clamp and allows space for root canal instruments and filling materials to protrude from the tooth
endoray beam alignment device
To avoid distortion, the _______ technique should be used whenever possible;
parallelling
The dental imaging examination of the edentulous patient may include the following projections:
panoramic
periapical
combination of occlusal and periapical images
a _______ image is a common way of examining the edentulous jaw
panoramic
If a panoramic x-ray machine is not available,___ periapical projections (__ anterior and __ posterior) can be used to examine the edentulous arches
14
6 ant.
8 post.
The combined occlusal and periapical examination consists of a total of __ exposures
6
Imaging is used in the edentulous patient to detect
lesions
root tips
impacted teeth
objects embedded in bone
