Chapter 2 : Radiation Physics Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
When matter is altered _____ results
energy
The parts the atom consists of
Central nucleus
Orbitting electrons
what is nucleous composed of
Protons and neutrons
electrons
Tiny, negativle charged particles that have very little mass
how much does an electron weigh?
1/1800 as much as a proton or neutron
charge of an electron
negative
charge of a neutron
neutral
charge of a proton
positive
how many shells does an atom have?
seven
Letters of the shell
K L M N O P Q
which letter is closest to the nucleus and has the highest energy level?
K
How are electrons maintained in their orbits?
electrostatic force
attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons
Binding energy
when atoms combine with each other they are called
molecules
how are molecules formed?
- transfer of electrons
2. sharing of electrons between the outer most shells of atoms.
neutral atom
an equal number of protons and electrons
Ion
an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced
Ionization
the process of converting an atom in ions
ion pair
when an electron is removed from an atom in the ionization process and pairs and reacts with other ions
Radiation
emission and propagation of energy through space ;
a substance in the form of waves or particles
Radioactivity
unstable atoms or elements that undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state
Ionizing radiation
Removing or adding an electron from an atom.
Particulate radiation
tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines and high speeds.
The four types of particulate radiation
-Alpha particles
- Electron
- Beta particle
- Cathode rays
- Protons
- Neutrons
Electromagnetic radiation
propagation of wavelike energy without mass
Electromagnetic radiations are ___ made or occur _____
Man made
naturally
Particle concept
photons
quanta
velocity
speed of the wave
wavelength
the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next
measurement of wavelenghts
nanometres
frequency
the number of wavelenghts that pass a given point in a certain amount of time
The shorter the wavelength the the ______ frequency will be
higher
low frequency electromagnetic radiations have _______ wavelength and less energy
long
High frequency electromagnetic radiations have ________ wavelength and more energy
short
wavelength of xrays used in dentisry
0.1 nm
“lazy” wavelength
long wavelength
“strong” wavelength
Short wavelength
weightless bundles of energy (photons) without an electrical charge that travel in waves with a specific frequency at the speed of light
X-rays
Path of travel for x-rays
straight lines; can be deflected or scattered
effect on xrays on living tissues
can cause biologic changes
