chapter 24

Question 1

Four Asian Tigers

Answer 1

The Four Asian Tigers, Four Little Dragons or Four Asian Dragons, are the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, which underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates (in excess of 7 percent a year) between the early 1960s (mid-1950s for Hong Kong) and 1990s.

Question 2

Tiananmen square Massacre

Answer 2

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in China as the June Fourth Incident (六四事件), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing in 1989. More broadly, it refers to the popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests during that period, sometimes referred to as the ‘89 Democracy Movement (八九民运).

Question 3

devolution

Answer 3

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

Question 4

Ronald Reagan

Answer 4

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

Question 5

Gorbachev

Answer 5

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved

Question 6

Perestroika

Answer 6

(in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.

Question 7

Glasnot

Answer 7

(in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.

Question 8

Thatcherism

Answer 8

the political and economic policies advocated by the former British Conservative prime minister Margaret Thatcher, particularly those involving the privatization of nationalized industries and trade union legislation.

Question 9

Tony Blair

Answer 9

British statesman who became prime minister in 1997 (born in 1953)

Question 10

Yugoslavia

Answer 10

a republic in S Europe on the Adriatic: formed 1918 from the kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro and part of Austria-Hungary; a federal republic 1945-91 comprised of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Yugoslavian, adjective, noun.

Question 11

Bosnia

Answer 11

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Its countryside is home to medieval villages, rivers and lakes, plus the craggy Dinaric Alps. National capital Sarajevo has a well preserved old quarter, Baščaršija, with landmarks like 16th-century Gazi Husrev-bey Mosque. Ottoman-era Latin Bridge is the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which ignited World War I.

Question 12

Rwanda

Answer 12

Rwanda is a landlocked East African country with a green, mountainous landscape. Its renowned Volcanoes National Park is home to mountain gorillas and golden monkeys. The park encompasses 4,507m-tall Mt. Karisimbi and 4 other forested volcanoes. In the southwest is Nyungwe National Park, with ancient montane rainforest that’s a habitat for chimpanzees and other primates.

Question 13

Cambodia

Answer 13

a native or inhabitant of Cambodia, or a person of Cambodian descent.

Question 14

Kosovo

Answer 14

Kosovo is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula.

Question 15

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Answer 15

a chemical, biological or radioactive weapon capable of causing widespread death and destruction.

Question 16

George W. Bush

Answer 16

George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000

Question 17

Bill Clinton

Answer 17

William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and the state’s 42nd Governor from 1983 to 1992. Before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat, and many of his policies reflected a centrist “Third Way” political philosophy.

Question 18

Nafta

Answer 18

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries.

Question 19

Welfare state

Answer 19

a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question 20

Apartheid

Answer 20

(in South Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

Question 21

Nelson Mandela

Answer 21

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.