19.1

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 2

Risorgemento

Answer 2

Italian unification (Italian: Unificazione italiana), or the Risorgimento ([risordʒiˈmento], meaning resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.

Question 3

Young Italy Movement

Answer 3

Young Italy (Italian: La Giovane Italia) was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.

Question 4

Giuseppe Mazzini

Answer 4

Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement.

Question 5

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer 5

Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.

Question 6

Liberals

Answer 6

a person of liberal views.

Question 7

Unification

Answer 7

the process of being united or made into a whole.

Question 8

Otto Von Bismarch

Answer 8

Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.

Question 9

Kaiser

Answer 9

the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 10

The Zollverien

Answer 10

the customs union of German states in the 19th century.

Question 11

The Junkers

Answer 11

a German nobleman or aristocrat, especially a member of the Prussian aristocracy.

Question 12

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 12

The war of 1870–71 between France (under Napoleon III) and Prussia, in which Prussian troops advanced into France and decisively defeated the French at Sedan. The defeat marked the end of the French Second Empire.

Question 13

Real Politik

Answer 13

a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Question 14

Czar Alexander II

Answer 14

Alexander II was the Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland.

Question 15

Emancipation

Answer 15

the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.

Question 16

Serfs

Answer 16

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.

Question 17

Social Democratic Party

Answer 17

a political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx. any of several European political parties advocating a gradual transition to socialism or a modified form of socialism by and under democratic processes.

Question 18

Autocrat

Answer 18

a ruler who has absolute power.

Question 19

pogroms

Answer 19

an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.

Question 20

nihilists

Answer 20

a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.

Question 21

Duma

Answer 21

a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former Soviet Union.

Question 22

Tanzimat Reforms

Answer 22

Tanzimat, (Turkish: “Reorganization”), series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.

Question 23

Dual Monarchy

Answer 23

Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. The term is typically used to refer to Austria–Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.

Question 24

Crimean War

Answer 24

The Crimean War (French: Guerre de Crimée; Russian: Крымская война, Krymskaya voina; Turkish: Kırım Savaşı, Sardinian: Gherra di Crimea) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Question 25

Treaty of Sanstefano

Answer 25

The Preliminary Treaty of San Stefano (Russian: Сан-Стефанский мир; Peace of San-Stefano, Сан-Стефанский мирный договор; Peace treaty of San-Stefano, Turkish: Ayastefanos Muahedesi or Ayastefanos Antlaşması) was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, …

Question 26

Militarism

Answer 26

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Question 27

Alliance system

Answer 27

a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes. a merging of efforts or interests by persons, families, states, or organizations: an alliance between church and state.

Question 28

Triple Alliance

Answer 28

The Triple Alliance, also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.

Question 29

Triple Entente

Answer 29

an informal understanding among Great Britain, France, and Russia based on a Franco-Russian military alliance (1894), an Anglo-French entente (1904), and an Anglo-Russian entente (1907). It was considered a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance but was terminated when the Bolsheviks came into control in Russia in 1917.

Question 30

Kuiturkampt

Answer 30

Definition of Kulturkampf. : conflict between civil government and religious authorities especially over control of education and church appointments; broadly : a conflict between cultures or value systems.

Question 31

Reichstag

Answer 31

Reichstag is a German word generally meaning parliament, more directly translated as Diet of the Realm or National Diet or Imperial Diet.

Question 32

Treaty of Prague

Answer 32

The Peace of Prague was a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 33

Francis Joseph I

Answer 33

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and many others from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation.

Question 34

Revolution of 1905

Answer 34

Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy.

Question 35

Mobilization

Answer 35

the action of a country or its government preparing and organizing troops for active service.