Chapter 15

Question 1

Louis XIV

Answer 1

Louis XIV (5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi-Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

Question 2

Peter the Great

Answer 2

Peter the Great definition. A Russian czar of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who tried to transform Russia from a backward nation into a progressive one by introducing customs and ideas from western European countries.

Question 3

William the Great Elector

Answer 3

Frederick William. noun. 1. (“the Great Elector”) 1620–88, elector of Brandenburg who increased the power and importance of Prussia. 2.

Question 4

Czar

Answer 4

an emperor of Russia before 1917.

Question 5

absolutism

Answer 5

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Question 6

Boyar

Answer 6

a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.

Question 7

Ivan IV

Answer 7

known as Ivan the Terrible. 1530–84, grand duke of Muscovy (1533–47) and first tsar of Russia (1547–84). He conquered Kazan (1552), Astrakhan (1556), and Siberia (1581), but was defeated by Poland in the Livonian War (1558–82) after which his rule became increasingly oppressive. Ivan IV in Culture Expand.

Question 8

divine right

Answer 8

. General: (1) Justified, recognized, and protected (violation of which is unlawful) claim on, or interest in, specific tangible or intangible property. (2) Freedom, immunity, power, or privilege, due to one by agreement, birth, claim, guaranty, or by the application of legal, moral, or natural principles.

Question 9

Henry IV

Answer 9

Henry IV. 1050–1106. Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1056–1106) who struggled for power with Pope Gregory VII. Twice excommunicated, Henry appointed an antipope (1084) to crown him emperor, invaded Italy, and was dethroned by his sons. Known as “Henry Bolingbroke.”

Question 10

War of Spanish Secession

Answer 10

The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14) was the first world war of modern times with theatres of war in Spain, Italy, Germany, Holland, and at sea. Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir. In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou.

Question 11

Thirty Years War

Answer 11

Thirty Years’ War definition. A war waged in the early seventeenth century that involved France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and numerous states of Germany. The causes of the war were rooted in national rivalries and in conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants.

Question 12

Catherine the Great

Answer 12

Catherine the Great definition. An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century who encouraged the cultural influences of western Europe in Russia and extended Russian territory toward the Black Sea. She is also known for her amorous intrigues, including affairs with members of her government.

Question 13

Window to the West

Answer 13

The idea of the new city was anything but dark or brooding. It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world. Until the founding of St Petersburg, Russia had seemed, at least to western Europe, a rather frightening Byzantine labyrinth.

Question 14

Maria Theresa

Answer 14

proper noun. (1717–80), Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740–80. The daughter of the Emperor Charles VI, she succeeded to the Habsburg dominions in 1740 by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction.

Question 15

Pragmatic sanction

Answer 15

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 16

Hapsburgs

Answer 16

German princely family founded by Albert, count of Hapsburg (1153). From 1440 to 1806, the Hapsburgs wore the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire almost uninterruptedly. They also provided rulers for Austria, Spain, Hungary, Bohemia, etc.

Question 17

Austria seven years war

Answer 17

Seven Years’ War, (1756–63), the last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe. Generally, France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden, and Russia were aligned on one side against Prussia, Hanover, and Great Britain on the other.

Question 18

Fredrick the great

Answer 18

Frederick the Great. … Definitions of Frederick the Great. n king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786; brought Prussia military prestige by winning the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War (1712-1786) Synonyms: Frederick II Example of: Rex, king, male monarch. a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom.

Question 19

Fredrick William I

Answer 19

Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the ‘Soldier King,’ was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great.

Question 20

Glorious Revolution

Answer 20

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange.

Question 21

Spanish Armada

Answer 21

a fleet of warships.

Question 22

James I Puritans

Answer 22

Puritanism in this sense was founded by some of the returning clergy exiled under Mary I shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, as an iactivist movement within the Church of England.

Question 23

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 23

Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603) who succeeded the Mary I, a Catholic, and reestablished Protestantism in England. Her reign was marked by several plots to overthrow her, the execution of Mary Queen of Scots (1587), the defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588), and domestic prosperity and literary achievement.