Chapter 24 Flashcards
1
Q
Which of these effects on digestion is not produced by the parasympathetic nervous system?
increased peristalsis increased mucus secretion decreased acid secretion increased production of saliva
A
decreased acid secretion
2
Q
The cardiac sphincter is found between the __________.
esophagus and stomach pharynx and esophagus heart and aorta small and large intestine
A
esophagus and stomach
3
Q
Which section of the colon is located between the right colic (hepatic) flexure and the left colic (hepatic) flexure?
transverse colon descending colon ascending colon sigmoid colon
A
transverse colon
4
Q
In which section of the large intestine is the appendix found?
cecum colon rectum
A
cecum
5
Q
What is the name of the series of pouches in the wall of the colon?
fatty appendices haustra taenia coli sigmoid flexure
A
haustra
6
Q
The cephalic phase of stomach function is an example of the __________ system interacting with the digestive system.
endocrine urinary nervous cardiovascular
A
nervous
7
Q
Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?
stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid stimulates gastric secretion causes gallbladder to contract carries absorbed sugars and amino acids where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
A
stimulates gastric secretion
8
Q
A fatty apron known as the __________ protects the abdominal viscera anteriorly.
rectus abdominis lamina propria mucosa greater omentum
A
greater omentum
9
Q
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the
bladder. esophagus. pharynx. colon. stomach.
A
bladder.
10
Q
Digestion refers to the
chemical breakdown of food. mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. mechanical breakdown of food. progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. All of the answers are correct.
A
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
11
Q
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by
hormones. the contents of the digestive tract. intrinsic nerve plexuses. parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. All of the answers are correct.
A
All of the answers are correct.
12
Q
Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?
coordinates activity of muscularis externa secretes a watery fluid component of mucosa loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels sensory neural network
A
coordinates activity of muscularis externa
13
Q
The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.
mesenteries serosa lamina propria fibrosa adventitia
A
mesenteries
14
Q
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the
adventitia. mucosa. lamina propria. submucosal plexus. serosa.
A
submucosal plexus.
15
Q
The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the
myenteric plexus. lamina propria. submucosal plexus. submucosa. muscularis mucosae.
A
lamina propria.
16
Q
What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
pancreas large intestine esophagus anus stomach
A
large intestine
17
Q
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?
stomach anus large intestine small intestine esophagus
A
large intestine
18
Q
The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.
simple squamous pseudostratified stratified columnar transitional stratified squamous
A
stratified squamous
19
Q
The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity
secretes peritoneal fluid. prevents irritation. decreases friction. lubricates the cavity. All of the answers are correct.
A
All of the answers are correct.
20
Q
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the
palatoglossal arch. epiglottis. palatopharyngeal arch. pharyngeal arch. uvula.
A
uvula.
21
Q
The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called
cementum. pulp. dentin. periodontium. enamel.
A
dentin.
22
Q
The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the
pulp cavity. cementum. enamel. dentin. periodontium.
A
pulp cavity.
23
Q
The root of a tooth is covered by
pulp. the root canal. enamel. cementum. dentin.
A
cementum.
24
Q
Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from
sympathetic stimulation. parasympathetic stimulation. myenteric reflexes. hunger. hormonal stimulation.
A
parasympathetic stimulation.
25
In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the
```
sublingual glands.
submandibular glands.
parotid glands.
lingual glands.
mandibular glands.
```
parotid glands.
26
The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the
```
larynx.
vestibule.
dip sulcus.
fauces.
pharynx.
```
vestibule.
27
The uvula is located at the
```
margin of the vestibule.
posterior of the tongue.
posterior margin of the soft palate.
margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.
base of a tooth.
```
posterior margin of the soft palate.
28
What is the most superior region of the stomach called?
pylorus
cardia
body
fundus
fundus
29
What are the wrinkles in the wall of the stomach called?
pyloric sphincter
rugae
lesser curvature
pyloris antrum
rugae
30
How is the muscularis externa modified in the stomach?
There is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle.
The muscularis externa of the stomach has plicae circularis.
There is only one layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach.
The muscularis externa is made of skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle.
There is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle.
31
The cells in the gastric mucosa near the openings of the gastric pits largely specialize in secreting __________.
pepsinogen
intrinsic factor
hydrochloric acid
mucus
mucus
32
Parietal cells secrete
```
gastrin.
enteropeptidase.
pepsinogen.
hydrochloric acid.
mucus.
```
hydrochloric acid.
33
Chief cells secrete
```
hydrochloric acid.
gastrin.
pepsinogen.
intrinsic factor.
mucus.
```
pepsinogen.
34
G cells of the stomach secrete
```
cholecystokinin.
gastrin.
pepsin.
secretin.
enteropeptidase.
```
gastrin.
35
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
```
body.
pylorus.
antrum.
cardia.
fundus.
```
body.
36
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
```
villi.
cardia.
papillae.
plicae.
rugae.
```
rugae.
37
The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to
stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands.
inhibit hunger.
initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid.
regulate the digestion of lipids.
stimulate hunger.
stimulate hunger.
38
The enzyme pepsin digests
```
vitamins.
nucleic acids.
lipids.
proteins.
carbohydrates.
```
proteins.
39
The pylorus empties into the
```
colon.
jejunum.
cecum.
ileum.
duodenum.
```
duodenum.
40
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,
secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells.
the stomach responds to distention.
there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
production of gastric juice slows down.
the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.
there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
41
The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the
entry of food into the stomach.
sight, thought, or smell of food.
release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.
entry of chyme into the small intestine.
entry of chyme into the large intestine.
entry of food into the stomach.
42
Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for
```
dehydration.
an ulcer.
pernicious anemia.
protein malnutrition.
diarrhea.
```
pernicious anemia.
43
The pH of the blood in gastric veins
is constant because of buffering.
is greater following a 24-hour fast than during digestion of a large meal.
is greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.
None of the answers are correct.
is greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.
44
The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it
```
secretes digestive hormones.
has folds in the mucosa.
has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.
moves by peristalsis.
secretes digestive juice.
```
has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.
45
A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
decreased gastrin production.
a lower pH during gastric digestion.
a higher pH during gastric digestion.
decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.
increased protein digestion in the stomach.
a higher pH during gastric digestion.
46
Which bile duct leads into and out of the gallbladder?
cystic duct
common bile duct
left hepatic duct
right hepatic duct
cystic duct
47
Into which section of the small intestine do both the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty?
ileum
duodenum
jejunum
duodenum
48
What is the name of the blood vessel that brings blood from the small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and spleen to the liver?
right gastric artery
common hepatic artery
left hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal vein
49
Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the __________.
ileum
duodenum
jejunum
stomach
jejunum
50
Plicae and intestinal villi
carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
secrete digestive enzymes.
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
produce hormones.
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
51
An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is
```
cholecystokinin.
gastrin.
enterocrinin.
secretin.
GIP.
```
enterocrinin.
52
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is
```
gastrin.
secretin.
GIP.
cholecystokinin.
enterocrinin.
```
secretin.
53
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is
```
cholecystokinin.
enteropeptidase.
secretin.
GIP.
gastrin.
```
cholecystokinin.
54
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
```
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
enterocrinin.
secretin.
cholecystokinin.
enteropeptidase.
```
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
55
ntestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is
```
cholecystokinin.
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
gastrin.
enteropeptidase.
secretin.
```
gastrin.
56
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of
```
pancreatic acini.
islets of Langerhans.
triads.
pancreatic lobules.
pancreatic crypts.
```
pancreatic acini.
57
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
```
hepatocyte.
Kupffer cell.
portal area.
bile canaliculus.
lobule.
```
lobule.
58
The Kupffer cells of the liver
```
present antigens.
are phagocytic.
destroy bacteria.
destroy RBCs.
All of the answers are correct.
```
All of the answers are correct.
59
The pancreas produces
```
lipases and amylase.
peptidases and proteinases.
nucleases.
sodium bicarbonate.
All of the answers are correct.
```
All of the answers are correct.
60
Bile is stored in the
```
appendix.
pancreas.
duodenum.
gallbladder.
liver.
```
gallbladder.
61
Enterogastric reflexes
```
involve the enteric nervous system.
inhibit gastric secretion.
are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum.
inhibit gastric motility.
All of the answers are correct.
```
All of the answers are correct.
62
The essential functions of the liver include
```
albumin production for blood osmotic pressure.
bile production.
hematological regulation.
metabolic regulation.
All of the answers are correct.
```
All of the answers are correct.
63
An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in
```
a decrease in production of pancreatic juice.
inability to digest protein.
undigested fat in the feces.
hepatitis.
cirrhosis of the liver.
```
undigested fat in the feces.
64
Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?
```
overproduction of blood plasma albumin
jaundice
impaired digestion of protein
elevated levels of blood glucose
blood in the feces
```
jaundice
65
Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by:
```
trypsin
bile from the liver
water that was ingested with the food
sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas
enzymes from the intestinal crypts
```
sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas
66
Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?
```
saliva
bile
intestinal juice
gastric juice
pancreatic juice
```
pancreatic juice
67
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called
```
haustral churning.
segmentation.
pendular movements.
mass movements.
defecation.
```
mass movements.
68
Functions of the large intestine include
drug inactivation.
chemical breakdown of food.
secretion of vitamins.
production of gas to move waste toward the rectum.
resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces.
resorption (absorption) of water and compaction of feces.
69
Haustra are
```
strips of muscle in the colon.
expansible pouches of the colon.
the source of colon hormones.
compact feces stored in the rectum.
glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus.
```
expansible pouches of the colon.
70
A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the
```
ileum.
haustra.
appendix.
pancreas.
gallbladder.
```
appendix.
71
The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __________.
pancreas
brush border
duodenum
All of these structures secrete alpha-amylase.
pancreas
72
Lipid-soluble vitamins cross the digestive epithelium primarily by _________.
active transport
channel-mediated diffusion
vesicular transport
diffusion
diffusion
73
The enzyme amylase digests
```
polysaccharides.
disaccharides.
peptides.
triglycerides.
nucleotides.
```
polysaccharides.
74
An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is
```
lipase.
nuclease.
trypsin.
amylase.
maltase.
```
trypsin.
75
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
```
esophagus.
stomach.
duodenum.
mouth.
ileum.
```
mouth.
76
If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably
```
sucrose.
maltose.
lactose.
glycogen.
cellulose.
```
lactose.
77
Which of the following is true regarding lactose intolerance?
the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase
the enzyme maltase begins to digest lactose
lactose intolerant infants cannot digest dairy fat and are at risk of starvation
the person cannot digest any type of monosaccharide
the stomach produces inadequate amounts of lactase
the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase
78
Regulation of digestion depends on the __________.
central nervous system
endocrine system
enteric nervous system
All of these systems are important in the regulation of digestion.
All of these systems are important in the regulation of digestion.
