chapter 22 Flashcards
1
Q
Which of these is not a property of the immune response?
/It is triggered by an antigen. /It may be antibody-mediated. /It must be acquired. /It may be cell-mediated.
A
/It must be acquired.
2
Q
Which of these is not one of the nonspecific defenses?
/histamine /interferons /immunoglobulins /neutrophils
A
/immunoglobulins
3
Q
The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it
/ transports lipids from the digestive tract. / helps maintain normal blood volume. /transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. /fights infection. /eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
A
/transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.
4
Q
The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.
/ cytotoxic T /B /helper T /plasma /suppressor T
A
/ cytotoxic T
5
Q
If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of
/ red blood cells. /NK cells. /B lymphocytes. /T cells. /neutrophils.
A
/T cells.
6
Q
Immunity that results from vaccination against influenza is classified as __________.
/ induced active /induced passive /naturally acquired passive /naturally acquired active
A
/ induced active
7
Q
Inflammation produces localized
/ pain. /redness. /heat. /swelling. /All of the answers are correct.
A
/All of the answers are correct.
8
Q
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except
/ redness of the inflamed tissue. /movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. /heat of the inflamed tissue. /swelling of the inflamed tissue. /chemotaxis of phagocytes.
A
/chemotaxis of phagocytes.
9
Q
Which class of immunoglobulins sensitizes cells to allergens?
/ IgE /IgA /IgM /IgG
A
/ IgE
10
Q
The lymphoid tissue of the spleen (“white pulp”) contains many __________.
/ red blood cells /arteries /lymphocytes /free macrophages
A
/lymphocytes
11
Q
Which of these statements about lymphocytes is false?
/ They occur as B, T, and NK types. /They are phagocytic. /They bind antigens. /They mostly occur in lymphoid tissues.
A
/They are phagocytic.
12
Q
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
/ the production and distribution of plasma proteins. /circulation of nutrients. /circulation of dissolved gases. /the transport of hormones. /defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
A
/defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
13
Q
Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they
/ are larger in diameter. /are smaller in diameter. /are frequently irregular in shape. /have no basement membrane. /have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles.
A
/are smaller in diameter.
14
Q
In general, lymphocytes
/ have two nuclei. /have relatively short life spans. /spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue. /spend most of their time circulating in the blood. /are produced and mature only in red bone marrow.
A
/spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue.
15
Q
The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.
/ B /suppressor T /cytotoxic T /NK /helper T
A
/ B
16
Q
Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the
/ thymus. /spleen. /liver. /bone marrow. /kidneys.
A
/bone marrow.
17
Q
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.
/ liver /plasma /thymus /NK /helper T
A
/plasma
18
Q
The white pulp of the spleen is populated by
/trabeculae. /arteries. /veins. /lymphocytes. /fibrous connective tissue.
A
/lymphocytes.
19
Q
Natural Killer (NK) cells __________.
/ hunt for tumor cells /engage in immunological surveillance /kill cancer cells /NK cells perform all of these roles.
A
/NK cells perform all of these roles.
20
Q
Which of these defense cells are not phagocytic?
/ lymphocytes /neutrophils /macrophages /eosinophils
A
/ lymphocytes
21
Q
Innate defenses include
/ inflammation. /phagocytic cells. /physical barriers. /interferons. /All of the answers are correct.
A
/All of the answers are correct.
22
Q
Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include
/ sebaceous glands. /mucus. /epithelia. /epidermal layers. /All of the answers are correct.
A
/All of the answers are correct.
23
Q
An inflammatory response is triggered when
/ mast cells release histamine and heparin. /neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. /T cells release interferon. /blood flow to an area increases. /red blood cells release pyrogens
A
/ mast cells release histamine and heparin.
24
Q
Microphages include
/eosinophils. /Kupffer cells. /neutrophils. /monocytes. /both neutrophils and eosinophils.
A
/both neutrophils and eosinophils.
25
Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that
/ the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes.
/the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
/the lymph node has increased its secretion of thymosin.
/lymph is not flowing through these lymph nodes.
/the lymph node is actively producing phagocytes.
/the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
26
A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John
```
/ is producing T lymphocytes.
/is feeling achy.
/has a sore throat.
/is running a fever.
/has swollen lymph nodes.
```
/is running a fever.
27
The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to
```
/ an antibody attached to an antigen.
/the cell wall of bacteria.
/the plasma membrane of bacteria.
/a cell surface antigen.
/a plasma protein.
```
/ an antibody attached to an antigen.
28
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity.
```
/passive
/active
/innate
/natural passive
/auto
```
/innate
29
Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?
```
/ secrete strong acid
/secrete organic solvent
/secrete free radicals
/secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis
/secrete mutant proteins
```
/secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis
30
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
```
/ T cells.
/phagocytes.
/plasma cells.
/B cells.
/NK cells.
```
/phagocytes.
31
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.
```
/ innate
/passive
/auto
/natural passive
/naturally acquired active
```
/naturally acquired active
32
In passive immunization, the
/ body receives antibodies produced by an animal.
/body is deliberately exposed to an antigen.
/body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal.
/body receives antibodies produced by other humans.
/immune system attacks normal body cells.
/body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal.
33
During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except
/ B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells.
/B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately.
/antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.
/the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are of the IgM type.
/ neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances.
/ neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances.
34
Autoimmune illness results from a failure of what aspect of immunity?
/ memory
/specificity
/versatility
/tolerance
/tolerance
35
Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus?
/ suppressor T
/helper T
/NK
/cytotoxic T
/helper T
36
Which defense cells can specifically identify and directly kill disease cells?
/ suppressor T lymphocytes
/plasma cells
/cytotoxic T lymphocytes
/B lymphocytes
/cytotoxic T lymphocytes
37
Suppressor T cells act to
```
/ erase memory T cells.
/inhibit T and B cell activities.
/limit antigen proliferation.
/suppress antigens.
/produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.
```
/inhibit T and B cell activities.
38
When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.
```
/ B
/plasma
/cytotoxic T
/NK
/helper T
```
/cytotoxic T
39
Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?
/ liver cells and macrophages in the spleen
/granulocytes and microphages
/lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
/red blood cells
/all body cells with a nucleus
/lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
40
When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.
```
/ cytotoxic T
/suppressor T
/NK
/plasma
/helper T
```
/helper T
41
T cells and B cells can be activated only by
/ disease-causing agents.
/exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.
/cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells.
/pathogens.
/interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors.
/exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.
42
Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only
/ during infections.
/when NK cells are activated.
/when plasma cells are releasing antibodies.
/in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.
/when cytotoxic T cells are inhibited.
/in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.
43
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of
```
/ antigens.
/helper T cells.
/plasma cells.
/macrophages.
/antibodies.
```
/helper T cells.
44
During a primary immune response, the
/ IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer.
/IgM titer and the IgG titer rise in parallel.
./IgG titer is initially higher than the IgM titer.
/ IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer.
45
Delayed hypersensitivity is a type of __________.
/ skin infection
/allergy
/autoimmune disease
/immunodeficiency disease
/allergy
46
Newborns continue to gain immunity from
```
/ early immunizations.
/antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.
/breast milk.
/contact with viruses and bacteria.
/contact with siblings.
```
/breast milk.
47
The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are
```
/ IgM.
/IgG.
/IgE.
/IgD.
/IgA.
```
/IgG.
48
Autoantibodies are
/ directed against the body's own antigens.
/the first step in immunological competence.
/important in tissue rejection reactions.
/produced during an allergic reaction.
/produced by activated T cells.
/ directed against the body's own antigens.
49
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are
```
/ the result of stress.
/signs of a weak system.
/allergies.
/autoimmune diseases.
/immunodeficiency diseases.
```
/allergies.
