chapter 21 Flashcards
Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except __________.
/ increase in aldosterone /an inhibitor of angiotensin II /increase in peripheral resistance /increase in blood volume
/an inhibitor of angiotensin II
The cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata control __________.
/ cardiac contractility / peripheral resistance /heart rate /All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.
/All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.
The layer of a blood vessel that is dominated by smooth muscle cells is called the __________.
/ tunica interna /tunica media /tunica adventitia /tunica intima
/tunica media
Arterial blood flow rises and falls during the cardiac cycle because __________.
/peripheral resistance rises and falls / heart rate rises and falls /peripheral resistance rises and arterial pressure drops /arterial pressure rises and falls
/arterial pressure rises and falls
Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure __________.
/ forces more fluid between endothelial cells /raises arterial pressure /raises heart rate /lowers heart rate
forces more fluid between endothelial cells
In the case of hemorrhage, the body mobilizes all these defenses except _________.
/increased heart rate /decreased ADH secretion /increased peripheral resistance /increased thirst
/decreased ADH secretion
The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver.
/ hepatic artery /hepatic portal vein /superior mesenteric vein /gastric vein /myenteric capillaries
/hepatic portal vein
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
/ fenestrated capillaries. /sinusoidal capillaries. /vasa vasorum. /continuous capillaries. /sinusoids.
/continuous capillaries.
Venous valves are responsible for
/ preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. /preventing anterograde flow. /channeling blood toward the heart. /regulating blood pressure in veins. /channeling blood away from the heart.
/channeling blood toward the heart.
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in
/the pituitary. /skin. /skeletal muscles. /cardiac muscle. /bone.
/the pituitary.
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
/smoking /obesity /lack of exercise /high cholesterol /All of the answers are correct.
/All of the answers are correct.
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called
/sinuses. /perforated capillaries. /fenestrated capillaries. /vasa vasorum. /discontinuous capillaries.
/fenestrated capillaries.
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?
/ capillary /vein /artery /venule /arteriole
/arteriole
What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?
/ capillary /artery /venule /arteriole /vein
/vein
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
/ arterioles constrict. /level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. /veins constrict. /arterioles dilate. /level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
/arterioles dilate.
Blood pressure is determined by
/ estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. / measuring the size of the pulse. /listening carefully to the pulse. /estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. / measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.
/estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
/ arteriole. /vein. /capillary. /artery. /venule.
/ arteriole.
Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except
/ increased venous return. /decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. /increased blood concentration of glucose. /increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. /stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.
/increased blood concentration of glucose.
Edema may occur when
/ blood pressure is high. /endothelial permeability goes up. /the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. /capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. /All of the answers are correct.
/All of the answers are correct.
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
/ number of red blood cells. /concentration of plasma waste products. /concentration of plasma proteins. /concentration of plasma glucose. /concentration of plasma sodium ions.
/concentration of plasma proteins.
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
/critical closing /pulse /circulatory /mean arterial /blood
/pulse
Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?
/ blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins /peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood /muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart /blood pressure /vascular resistance
/vascular resistance
Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased
/ salt and water loss through the kidneys. /venous return and preload. /sodium ion levels in blood. /blood volume. /blood pressure.
/ salt and water loss through the kidneys.
Which of the following changes doesn’t occur during exercise compared to rest?
/ kidney blood flow is lower /skin blood flow is lower /heart blood flow is higher /cardiac output is higher /abdominal viscera blood flow is lower
/skin blood flow is lower
