Chapter 24 Flashcards
beneficence
doing of good; active promotion of goodness, kindness, and charity
codes of ethics
articulated statements or role morality as seen by the members of a profession
duties
obligations placed on individuals, groups, and institutions by reason of the so-called moral bond of our interdependence with others
ethical dilemmas
situations requiring moral judgement between two or more equally problem - fraught alternatives; who or more competing moral norms are present, creating a challenge about what to do
ethical outrage
gross violation of commonly held standards of decency or human rights
ethical theories
bodies of systematically related moral principles used to resolve ethical dilemmas
ethics
systematic study of rightness and wrongness of human conduct and character as known by natural reason
ethics of care
ethical reflections that emphasize an intimate personal relationship value system that includes such virtues as sympathy, compassion, fidelity, discernment, and love
fidelity
strict observance of promises or duties, loyalty and faithfulness to others
justice
equitable, fair, or just conduct in dealing with others
laws
regulations established by government and applicable to people within a certain political subdivision
legal rights
rights of individuals or groups that are established and guaranteed by law
liberal individualism
basis for rights-based ethical theory, each individual is protected and allowed to pursue personal projects
moral principles
general, universal guides to action that are derived from so-called basic moral truths that should be respected unless a morally compelling reason exists not to do so, also referred to as ethical principles
moral rights
rights of individuals or groups that exist separately from governmental or institutional guarantees, usually asserted based on moral principles or rules
moral rules
statements of right conduct governing individual actions
morals
generally accepted customs, principles, or habits of right living and conduct in a society and the individuals practice in relation to these
nonconsequentialism
belief that actions themselves determine the worth of actions, actions are right or wrong according tot he morality of the acts themselves
nonmaleficence
ethical principle that places high value on avoiding harm to others
norms
standards set by individuals or groups of individuals
principle-based ethics
use of moral principles as a basis for defending a chosen path of action in resolving an ethical dilemma
principlism
belief system base don a set of moral principles that are embedded in a common morality
professional ethic
publicly displayed ethical conduct of a profession, usually embedded in a code of ethics
professional etiquette
manners and attitudes generally accepted by members of a profession
rights
justified claims that an individual can make on individuals, groups, or society
rights-based ethics
belief that individual rights provide the vital protection of life, liberty, expression, and property
rules of ethics
ARRT’s mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct
social contract
relationship that exists when two mutually dependent groups in a society recognize certain expectations of each other and conduct their affairs accordingly
standards of professional conduct
practice behaviors that are defined by members of a profession
values
ideals and customs of a society toward which the members of a group have an affective regard
value system
collection or set of values that an individual or group has as each persons personal guide
veracity
duty to tell the truth and avoid deception
virtues
traits of character that are socially valued
virture-based ethics
ethical theory that emphasizes the agents who perform actions and make choices, character and virtue form the framework of this ethical theory
professional licensing boards that enforce professional practice laws provide one element of what?
self-regulation
society expects a profession, through collective members, to generate its own statement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior, normally in the form of ___________
code of ethics
rudeness to patients or insensitivity to their need to preserve modesty is an example of violating what?
what are the four components of ethical analysis?
autonomy, beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence
what is the most serious limitation to using moral rules as a primary guide to moral behavior?
most people lack access to a complete set of moral rules
persons who use ___________ for ethical decision making may lie to a patient if they think the untruth might benefit the patient
consequentialism
radiologic and imaging sciences professionals and patients recognize certain expectations of each other and act accordingly. what theory does this describe?
social contract
what do moral principles include?
beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, autonomy, veracity, fidelity
