Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

acid group

A

contains carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bonded to another oxygen, and a negative charge at the pH of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does hydrophilic mean and why is it an advantage of lower osmolality contrast media?

A

water soluble
less likely to be reactive with the cells that trigger allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

amine group

A

contains nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

barium peritonitis

A

BaSO4, extravates and causes inflammation of the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is barium sulfate?

A

powder composed of crystals, BaSO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anaphylactoid

A

resembling an immune system response to foreign material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the ways negative contrast agents are administered? do they have a high or low atomic number?

A

gas (air), tablets, crystals, soda water (carbon dioxide)
low atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are most adverse reactions to contrast media related to the osmolality of the media?

A

the osmolality determines osmotic pressure, which controls the movement of water in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atomic numbers

A

numbers of protons in the nuclei of the different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

reveals whether the urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, suggesting that the kidneys or liver may not be working properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogen containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidneys filtration system; high blood plasma levels indicate poor filtration by kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dimer

A

compound formed by bonding of two identical similar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

histamine

A

molecular substance containing an amine group; causes bronchial constriction and a decrease in blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ionic

A

atom or molecule having a negative (anion) or positive (cation) charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two molecular particles ionic media dissociates to, in water or blood plasma? which is negative and positive?

A

anion = negative
cation = positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most ionic iodine contrast media are identified as what?

A

lower osmolality contrast media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is it important for patients to drink fluids after receiving barium sulfate?

A

residue can dry and cause obstruction

19
Q

monomers

A

simple molecules of a compound of relatively low molecular weight

20
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope

21
Q

suspension

A

nonuniform mixture of two or more substances, one of which is composed of larger than molecule size particles that have a tendency to cluster together

22
Q

what are factors that affect the degree of radiographic density differences?

A

absorption of the tissues, technical factors used, characteristics of the IR, image processing, use of contrast

23
Q

the body absorbs x-ray photons according to what? which absorbs more x-ray photons?

A

various tissue atomic numbers and amount of matter per volume of tissue
tissues with high atomic number absorb more

24
Q

which radiographic images result in few density differences and are difficult to visualize?

A

anatomic areas classified as low in subject contrast

25
Q

how is contrast media classified?

A

negative/positive agents
ionic/non-ionic agents

26
Q

areas filled with negative contrast agents appear __________ and have an _________density.

A

dark, increased

27
Q

contrast media

A

diagnostic agents that are instilled into the body to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where low subject contrast exists

28
Q

solution

A

uniform mixture of two or more substances composed of molecule sized particles that do not react together chemically

29
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a semipermeable membrane such as blood vessels and cell membranes

30
Q

osmolality

A

measurement of the number of particles (molecules/ions/cations) that can crowd out water molecules in a measured mass (kg) of water

31
Q

methyl groups

A

common biochemical groups containing one carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms

32
Q

areas filed with positive contrast agents appear ___________ and have ____________density.

A

light, decreased

33
Q

flocculation

A

formation of flaky masses resulting from precipitation or coming out of a suspension or solution

34
Q

why is barium sulfate contraindicated if a patient is thought to have a perforation in the digestive tract?

A

the body does not absorb BaSO4 naturally

35
Q

what is another name for viscosity and what can be done to reduce it and facilitate the ability for rapid injection?

A

viscosity = friction
heating the medium to body temperature

36
Q

osmotic diuresis

A

increased secretion of urine

37
Q

increased ____________ and ____________ levels indicate the patient may have renal disease and are good indicators for possible contrast medium renal effects.

A

BUN, creatinine

38
Q

what are two issues that could occur with a rapid injection for a pediatric through a small angiocath with a high viscosity agent?

A

proper injection may not be possible, catheter could burst

39
Q

what is the primary concern when working with short-lived unsealed radiation sources?

A

contamination

40
Q

examples of external and internal contamination of radiopharmaceuticals

A

external = dropped, spilled, splashed
internal = inhalation, ingestion, absorption

41
Q

in patient prep, the general considerations for the patient have two aims. what are they and how are they performed?

A

contrast media reaction prevention
preparedness in the event of adverse reaction

42
Q

what is the most important patient care aspect before administration of water-soluble iodine contrast media?

A

patient history

43
Q

NSF

A

nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

Patient Care (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions