Chapter 21 Flashcards
what is the major complication of anti-platelet drugs?
bleeding
what are statins?
typically the drug of choice to treat hyperlipidemia
what are the two major groups of antihistamines? examples?
sedating and non sedating
diphenhydramine, fexofenadine
what do antiemetics do?
prevent + treat nausea and vomiting
compazine, zofran
the only treatment for type 1 diabetes?
insulin
what happens after abrupt discontinuation of antidepressants?
withdrawl effects, discontinuation syndrome
different uses for antianxiety agents
muscle spasms, seizures, alcohol detoxification
when is general anesthesia used?
patients undergoing major surgical procedures
what classifications of drugs relieve pain without causing LOC and what two groups can they be divided into?
analgesics
non opioids and opioids
which schedule drug has high potential for abuse and accepted medical use in the US?
schedule 2, cocaine, dilaudid, methamphetamine
which schedule drug has high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use in the US, and has lack of accepted safety?
schedule 1, heroin, acid
which is a dose form where one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier?
suspension
which is a dose form where one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier?
solution
which allows high concentrations to be deposited in the respiratory mucosa and produces bronchodilation?
inhalant
what is a dose form in which a powdered of liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell?
capsule
why are some tablets coated with a substance?
delays dissolution until it is in the small intestines
what is the most common oral dose form and one of the easiest to administer?
tablet, powder of granulated drug that has been compressed into a solid disk
the dosage forms of a drug refers to what?
type of preparation or the way the chemical agent is transported into the human body
according to federal laws, drugs are classified into what two categories?
prescription and nonprescription
drugs that have similar chemical actions are grouped into categories called what?
drug families
brand name is interchangeable with what other names?
trademark and proprietary
which name of a drug is never capitalized and what is another name for it?
generic name, nonproprietary
what is the first name to be applied to a drug and what does it identify?
chemical name
what are the 3 different names given to the same drug?
chemical
generic
trade/brand
what is nomenclature?
classified system of names
vasodilators
drugs that cause dilation of the blood vessels
vasoconstrictors
drugs that cause constriction of the blood vessels
tolerance
state of adaptation in response to drug exposure that results in a decrease of one or more of the drugs effects over time
therapeutic
pertaining to the art of healing
side effect
consequence other than the one for which a drug is used
physical dependence
adaptation exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome specific to a class of drugs and that may be produced by cessation, rapid reduction, or administration of an antagonist
pharmacology
study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms
pharmacokinetics
study of the metabolism and action of drugs with the particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, distribution, and method of excretion
peristalsis
waves of contraction that propel contents through the GI tract
opioids
natural or synthetic that have pain relief activity
narrow therapeutic index drugs
drugs for which small changes in dose or blood concentration can cause serious changes or overdose reactions
laxatives
agents that promote evacuation of the bowel
inhalant
breathable chemical vapor that may cause systemic and local effects
idiosyncratic reaction
response to a drug that is not normative per its intended action or side effects
generic name
drug name that usually descriptive of its chemical structure but is not protected as is a brand/trade name
drug
any substance that when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more functions
diuretics
drugs that promote the excretion of urine
contraindicators
conditions that render the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable
bronchodilators
drugs that cause expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs
atherosclerosis
thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs because of the deposition of plaque
anticholingerics
drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves
antagonist
drug that binds to the receptor and completely or partially blocks the activation of a biological response
anesthetics
agents that reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain and sensations
analgesics
drugs that relieve pain without LOC
agonist
drug that binds and activates the receptor to trigger and enhance an intended response
what kind of medicine is furosemide and what is it associated with?
diuretic, CHF
nitroglycerin is what kind of drug?
vasodilator
ibuprofen is an example of what kind of drug?
NSAID
which drugs affect the endocrine system and what is their most important clinical funtion?
hormones, replacement therapy
all NSAID’s can cause what?
stroke, MI, fatal cardiovascular events
4 levels of sedation
minimal sedation
moderate sedation
deep sedation
general anesthesia
4 basic factors which influence the movement of a drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
