Chapter 24

Question 1

Body of fungi

Answer 1

Thallus

Question 2

What is the mature stage of fungi?

Answer 2

The haploid stage

Question 3

What is excess food stored as in fungi?

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

Root system of fungi

Answer 4

Mycelium

Question 5

Individual thread like roots of a fungi

Answer 5

Hyphae

Question 6

Septated Vs Coenocytic fungi

Answer 6

Septate fungi have hyphae with cross walls, coenocytic fungi do not have cross walls and are therefore multinucleated

Question 7

Fungal cell walls contain ____

Answer 7

Chitin

Question 8

What is mycelia’s purpose?

Answer 8

For absorption and to maximize its surface-to-volume ration

Question 9

Soaprotrophic Nutrition

Answer 9

A process of chemoheterotrophic, extracellular difestion

(Breaking down polymers to monomers of dead or decaying matter through enzymatic processes)

Question 10

Septa

Answer 10

Internal walls in hyphae of septate fungi. They have tiny pores that allow cell-to-cell movement of organelles, cytoplasm, and other materials

Question 11

Haustoria

Answer 11

Specialized hyphae that allow some unique fungi to penetrate the tissues of their host

Question 12

Saprobe

Answer 12

An organism that attains nutrition from dead or decaying matter

Question 13

T/F: Fungi are most closely related to plants

Answer 13

FALSE: Fungi is most closely related to animals

Question 14

What did fungi most likely originate from?

Answer 14

A flagellated, unicellular protist

Question 15

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

Answer 15

They fuse their hyphae with their opposite mating type (usually referred to as + and - mating strands). They find their partners through releasing pheromones

Question 16

Fungi may have both ______ and ______ stages of reproduction

Answer 16

Asexual and sexual

Question 17

Life cycle of Fungi

Answer 17

Question 18

Three stages of sexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 18

1) Haploid (hyphae)
2) Dikaryotic aka heterokaryotic
3) Diploid (Zygote)

Question 19

Sexual reproduction cycle in fungi

Answer 19

1. Hyphae that contain paired haploid nuclei fuse to create a diploid nucleus
2. This nucleus produces haploid spores through meiosis
3. These spores germinate directly into haploid hyphae and the cycle repeats

Question 20

Asexual reproduction cycle in fungi

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe mold reproduction

Answer 21

Mold produces TWO types of spores: haploid spores (through mitosis) and sexual spores (through meiosis), and form visible mycelia

Question 22

Mold VS Mildew

Answer 22

Mold is a fuzzy/slimy fungi that can appear as black, red, blue, or green. Mildew is a powdery white fungi that consists of tiny hyphae, produced especially on damp wood, paper, or leather.

Both produce odors and can reproduce sexually and asexually through spores

Question 23

Chytrid fungi

Answer 23

They’re unique for having zoospores. A motile, asexual spore that uses a flagellum. They are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propel themselves.

Question 24

Zygomycete fungi

Answer 24

Mainly decomposers of animals and plant remains and are resistant to adverse environmental conditions

Question 25

Glomeromycete fungi

Answer 25

Form arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which is a type of mycorrhiza relationship in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant

Question 26

Ascomycota fungi

Answer 26

Aka sac fungi, example is truffles. They are the largest phylum of fungi and reproduce by enormous numbers of asexual spores called conidia. They can also cause mycosis which is a skin fungal infection. Yeast is included in this phylum.

Question 27

Basidiomycota fungi

Answer 27

Aka club fungi. Reproduce sexually. Nuclear fusion followed by meiosis produces basidiospores.

Question 28

5 Phyla of Fungi

Answer 28

1) Chytrids 2) Zygomycete 3) Glomeromycetes 4) Ascomycetes 5) Basidiomycetes

Question 29

Why is neurospora Crassus used as a model for genetic experiments?

Answer 29

Because it’s genome has already been sequenced and it reproduces quickly and in enormous amounts. It is also easy to cross different species.

Question 30

Why do mushrooms appear after a heavy rain?

Answer 30

An osmotic trigger that alters its gene expression. Mushrooms need lots of moisture to trigger them to reproduce and when it rains the rain hits the existing mushrooms and launches their spores into the air and water so it can easily spread their spores and create more of them close by overnight

Question 31

What is a lichen?

Answer 31

A symbiotic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae.

Question 32

What is a mycorrhizae?

Answer 32

A mutualistic relationship between soil fungi and the roots of plants.

Question 33

What is thought to be the reason for the recent decline of amphibians worldwide?

Answer 33

The chytrid Bactrachochytrium dendrobatidis. This is because pathogens and parasites either release toxins into the body or interrupt cellular function

Question 34

What is the relationship between leaf cutter ants and a fungus?

Answer 34

Ants cut the leaf and bring it back to their colony, they then set it on a fungus that lives in their colony so it can decompose it and break it down for them. The fungus gets to eat and so does the ant

Question 35

What is another name for anti-fungal

Answer 35

Antimycotic

Question 36

What are two examples of human mycoses?

Answer 36

Ringworm and and athletes foot (both are ascomycetes)

Question 37

What causes yeast infections?

Answer 37

Candida albicans