Chapter 24 Flashcards
Body of fungi
Thallus
What is the mature stage of fungi?
The haploid stage
What is excess food stored as in fungi?
Glycogen
Root system of fungi
Mycelium
Individual thread like roots of a fungi
Hyphae
Septated Vs Coenocytic fungi
Septate fungi have hyphae with cross walls, coenocytic fungi do not have cross walls and are therefore multinucleated
Fungal cell walls contain ____
Chitin
What is mycelia’s purpose?
For absorption and to maximize its surface-to-volume ration
Soaprotrophic Nutrition
A process of chemoheterotrophic, extracellular difestion
(Breaking down polymers to monomers of dead or decaying matter through enzymatic processes)
Septa
Internal walls in hyphae of septate fungi. They have tiny pores that allow cell-to-cell movement of organelles, cytoplasm, and other materials
Haustoria
Specialized hyphae that allow some unique fungi to penetrate the tissues of their host
Saprobe
An organism that attains nutrition from dead or decaying matter
T/F: Fungi are most closely related to plants
FALSE: Fungi is most closely related to animals
What did fungi most likely originate from?
A flagellated, unicellular protist
How do fungi reproduce sexually?
They fuse their hyphae with their opposite mating type (usually referred to as + and - mating strands). They find their partners through releasing pheromones
Life cycle of Fungi
Sexual reproduction cycle in fungi
- Hyphae that contain paired haploid nuclei fuse to create a diploid nucleus
- This nucleus produces haploid spores through meiosis
- These spores germinate directly into haploid hyphae and the cycle repeats
Asexual reproduction cycle in fungi
Describe mold reproduction
Mold produces TWO types of spores: haploid spores (through mitosis) and sexual spores (through meiosis), and form visible mycelia
Chytrid fungi
They’re unique for having zoospores. A motile, asexual spore that uses a flagellum. They are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propel themselves.
Zygomycete fungi
Mainly decomposers of animals and plant remains and are resistant to adverse environmental conditions
Glomeromycete fungi
Form arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which is a type of mycorrhiza relationship in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant
Ascomycota fungi
Aka sac fungi, example is truffles. They are the largest phylum of fungi and reproduce by enormous numbers of asexual spores called conidia. They can also cause mycosis which is a skin fungal infection. Yeast is included in this phylum.
Basidiomycota fungi
Aka club fungi. Reproduce sexually. Nuclear fusion followed by meiosis produces basidiospores.
What is a lichen?
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae.
What is a mycorrhizae?
A mutualistic relationship between soil fungi and the roots of plants.
What is thought to be the reason for the recent decline of amphibians worldwide?
The chytrid Bactrachochytrium dendrobatidis. This is because pathogens and parasites either release toxins into the body or interrupt cellular function
What is the relationship between leaf cutter ants and a fungus?
Ants cut the leaf and bring it back to their colony, they then set it on a fungus that lives in their colony so it can decompose it and break it down for them. The fungus gets to eat and so does the ant
