CHAPTER 23.2 Flashcards
________ are organic compounds with a hydroxyl group
Alcohol
Aliphatic alcohols can be classified as ______,_____ or ________
Primary, secondary or tertiary
Organic compounds who’s general formula can be written as R-O-R are called ________
Ethers
Ethers usually have ______ boiling points than alcohols of comparable formula mass
Lower
T or F? The addition of water to an alkene is called a hydration reaction
True
T or F? Hydrogenation of a double bond is an oxidation reaction
False
T or F?The benzene ring usually undergoes addition rather than substitution
False
Hydration reaction
The addition of water to an alkene
Fermentation
The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria
Alcohols
A class of organic compounds whose structures contain an -OH group
Addition
The reaction of HBr with propene for form 1-bromopropane
Hydrogenation
The reaction of hydrogen with butene to form butane
What is a hydroxyl group?
The -OH functional group in alcohols
Aliphatic alcohols can be classified into structural categories according to _______________
The number of R groups attached yo the carbon with the hydroxyl group
When using the IUPAC system to name continuous chain substituted alcohols, drop the _______ ending of a parent alkane name and the ending _________
-e
-ol
The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain of C that __________ the C attached of the hydroxyl group
Includes
The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain of C that __________ the C attached of the hydroxyl group
Includes
In numbering the longest continuous chain, the position of the _____________ is given the lowest possible number
Hydroxyl group
Alcohols containing two, three, and four -OH substituents are named ______________ _ respectively
Diols, triols and tetrals
What are glycols
Compounds with more than one -OH substituents
Alcohols are capable of ____________. Therefore, they boil at ________ temperatures than alkanes and halocarbons containing comparable numbers of atoms
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding
Higher
Because alcohols are derivatives of water they are somewhat _________
Soluble
Alcohols of up to ________ carbons are soluble in water in all proportions
Four
The carbon chain is ________ and is not attached to water. The hydroxyl group is ______ and strongly interacts with water through hydrogen bonding
Nonpolar
Polar
For alcohols of up to four carbons, the polarity of the hydroxyl group is more significant than the nonpolarity of the carbon chain these alcohols are?
Soluble in water
As the number of carbon atoms increase above four, the nonpolarity of the chain becomes more significant and the ___________ decreases
Solubility
What is fermentation?
The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria
Ethanol is the ___________ in alcoholic beverages
Intoxication substance
In an ____________ a substance is added at the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne
Addition reaction
The additional of a water to an alkene is a _________
Hydration reaction
Hydrogen halides can also be added to a double bond. The product is called a ________________ because it only has one substituent
Monosubstituted halocarbon
The addition of a hydrogen to a carbon carbon double bond to produce an alkane is called a __________
Hydrogenation reaction
Hydrogenation reactions often require ________
A catalyst
The hydrogenation of a double bond is a
Reduction reaction
Under normal conditions, benzene resists __________ it also resists the addition of a _____ or a _______
Hydrogenation
Halogen
Hydrogen halide
What is an ether
A compound in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups
The general structure for an ether is
R - O - R
When both groups are the same the ether is symmetric. Symmetric ethers are named using
The prefix di-
Ethers usually have ________ boiling points than alcohols of comparable molar mass
Lower
Ethers have ________ boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and halocarbons
Higher
Ethers form _______ hydrogen bonds than hydrocarbons and halocarbons but ________ than alcohols
More
Fewer
______ are organic compounds with a hydroxyl group
Alcohol
Aliphatic alcohols can be classified as ______, _______ or _______ alcohols depending on the number of R groups attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl group.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
For example 2-propanol represents a ________ alcohol
Secondary
In general, alcohols are more soluble in water than alkanes containing comparable numbers of atoms because they are capable of intermolecular ________
Hydrogen bonding
Alcohols can be prepared from alkenes by a ______ reaction
Hydration
In a hydration reaction ______ is added at the carbon carbon double bond of the alkene
Water
Another form of addition reaction is ______
Hydrogenation
In hydrogenation which is catalyzed by platinum or palladium, hydrogenation is added to the carbon carbon double bonds in a molecule to produce an ______
Alkane
Organic compounds whose general formula can be written as R-O-R are called ______
Ethers
Ethers usually have ______ boiling points than alcohols of comparable formula mass
Lower
T or F the addition of water to an alkene is called a hydration reaction
True
T or F hydrogenation of a double bond is an oxidation reaction
False
T or F the benzene ring usually undergoes addition rather than substitution
False
Hydration reaction
The addition of water to an alkene
Fermentation
The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria
Alcohols
A class of organic compounds whose structures contain an -OH group
Hydrogenation
The reaction of hydrogen with butene to form butane
