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Chemistry 120 > CHAPTER 23.2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 23.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

________ are organic compounds with a hydroxyl group

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

Aliphatic alcohols can be classified as ______,_____ or ________

A

Primary, secondary or tertiary

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3
Q

Organic compounds who’s general formula can be written as R-O-R are called ________

A

Ethers

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4
Q

Ethers usually have ______ boiling points than alcohols of comparable formula mass

A

Lower

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5
Q

T or F? The addition of water to an alkene is called a hydration reaction

A

True

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6
Q

T or F? Hydrogenation of a double bond is an oxidation reaction

A

False

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7
Q

T or F?The benzene ring usually undergoes addition rather than substitution

A

False

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8
Q

Hydration reaction

A

The addition of water to an alkene

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9
Q

Fermentation

A

The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria

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10
Q

Alcohols

A

A class of organic compounds whose structures contain an -OH group

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11
Q

Addition

A

The reaction of HBr with propene for form 1-bromopropane

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12
Q

Hydrogenation

A

The reaction of hydrogen with butene to form butane

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13
Q

What is a hydroxyl group?

A

The -OH functional group in alcohols

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14
Q

Aliphatic alcohols can be classified into structural categories according to _______________

A

The number of R groups attached yo the carbon with the hydroxyl group

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15
Q

When using the IUPAC system to name continuous chain substituted alcohols, drop the _______ ending of a parent alkane name and the ending _________

A

-e
-ol

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16
Q

The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain of C that __________ the C attached of the hydroxyl group

A

Includes

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17
Q

The parent alkane is the longest continuous chain of C that __________ the C attached of the hydroxyl group

A

Includes

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18
Q

In numbering the longest continuous chain, the position of the _____________ is given the lowest possible number

A

Hydroxyl group

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19
Q

Alcohols containing two, three, and four -OH substituents are named ______________ _ respectively

A

Diols, triols and tetrals

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20
Q

What are glycols

A

Compounds with more than one -OH substituents

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21
Q

Alcohols are capable of ____________. Therefore, they boil at ________ temperatures than alkanes and halocarbons containing comparable numbers of atoms

A

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding
Higher

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22
Q

Because alcohols are derivatives of water they are somewhat _________

A

Soluble

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23
Q

Alcohols of up to ________ carbons are soluble in water in all proportions

A

Four

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24
Q

The carbon chain is ________ and is not attached to water. The hydroxyl group is ______ and strongly interacts with water through hydrogen bonding

A

Nonpolar
Polar

25
Q

For alcohols of up to four carbons, the polarity of the hydroxyl group is more significant than the nonpolarity of the carbon chain these alcohols are?

A

Soluble in water

26
Q

As the number of carbon atoms increase above four, the nonpolarity of the chain becomes more significant and the ___________ decreases

A

Solubility

27
Q

What is fermentation?

A

The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria

28
Q

Ethanol is the ___________ in alcoholic beverages

A

Intoxication substance

29
Q

In an ____________ a substance is added at the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne

A

Addition reaction

30
Q

The additional of a water to an alkene is a _________

A

Hydration reaction

31
Q

Hydrogen halides can also be added to a double bond. The product is called a ________________ because it only has one substituent

A

Monosubstituted halocarbon

32
Q

The addition of a hydrogen to a carbon carbon double bond to produce an alkane is called a __________

A

Hydrogenation reaction

33
Q

Hydrogenation reactions often require ________

A

A catalyst

34
Q

The hydrogenation of a double bond is a

A

Reduction reaction

35
Q

Under normal conditions, benzene resists __________ it also resists the addition of a _____ or a _______

A

Hydrogenation
Halogen
Hydrogen halide

36
Q

What is an ether

A

A compound in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups

37
Q

The general structure for an ether is

A

R - O - R

38
Q

When both groups are the same the ether is symmetric. Symmetric ethers are named using

A

The prefix di-

39
Q

Ethers usually have ________ boiling points than alcohols of comparable molar mass

A

Lower

40
Q

Ethers have ________ boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and halocarbons

A

Higher

41
Q

Ethers form _______ hydrogen bonds than hydrocarbons and halocarbons but ________ than alcohols

A

More
Fewer

42
Q

______ are organic compounds with a hydroxyl group

A

Alcohol

43
Q

Aliphatic alcohols can be classified as ______, _______ or _______ alcohols depending on the number of R groups attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl group.

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

44
Q

For example 2-propanol represents a ________ alcohol

A

Secondary

45
Q

In general, alcohols are more soluble in water than alkanes containing comparable numbers of atoms because they are capable of intermolecular ________

A

Hydrogen bonding

46
Q

Alcohols can be prepared from alkenes by a ______ reaction

A

Hydration

47
Q

In a hydration reaction ______ is added at the carbon carbon double bond of the alkene

A

Water

48
Q

Another form of addition reaction is ______

A

Hydrogenation

49
Q

In hydrogenation which is catalyzed by platinum or palladium, hydrogenation is added to the carbon carbon double bonds in a molecule to produce an ______

A

Alkane

50
Q

Organic compounds whose general formula can be written as R-O-R are called ______

A

Ethers

51
Q

Ethers usually have ______ boiling points than alcohols of comparable formula mass

A

Lower

52
Q

T or F the addition of water to an alkene is called a hydration reaction

A

True

53
Q

T or F hydrogenation of a double bond is an oxidation reaction

A

False

54
Q

T or F the benzene ring usually undergoes addition rather than substitution

A

False

55
Q

Hydration reaction

A

The addition of water to an alkene

56
Q

Fermentation

A

The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria

57
Q

Alcohols

A

A class of organic compounds whose structures contain an -OH group

58
Q

Hydrogenation

A

The reaction of hydrogen with butene to form butane

Chemistry 120 (12 decks)

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