CHAPTER 22 KEY CONCEPTS Flashcards
Explain why carbon atoms form four covalent bonds
Because carbon has four valance electrons, a carbon atoms always forms four covalent bonds
What are two ways that carbon atoms can be arranged in an alkane?
The carbon atoms in an alkane can be arranged in a straight chain or in a chain that has branches
Describe how the polarity of alkane molecules
Molecules of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, are nonpolar molecules
Describe the bonding between atoms in an alkene
At least one carbon carbon bond in an alkene is a double covalent bond. Other bonds may be single carbon carbon bonds and carbon hydrogen bonds.
What types of bonds are present in an alkyne
At least one carbon-carbon Bond in an alkyne is a triple covalent bond. Other bonds may be single or double carbon carbon bonds and single carbon -hydrogen bonds
Explain why you would expect two structural isomers to have different boiling points
Structural isomers differ in physical properties such as boiling point and melting point. They also have chemical reactivities
Name two types of steroisomers
Two types of stereoisomers are geometric isomers and optical isomers
What is cyclic hydrocarbon
In some hydrocarbon compounds, the carbon chain is in the form of a ring
Describe the bonding between carbon atoms in a benzene
In a benzene molecule, the bonding electrons between carbon atoms are shared evenly around the ring
Describe the hydrocarbons found in natural gas
Natural gas is an important source of alkanes of low molar mass
Describe the first process used in the refining of Petroleum
The refining process starts with the distillation of Petroleum (crude oil) into fractions according to boiling point
What are two variables used to classify coal
Coal Is classified by its hardness and carbon content
Describe the chemical composition of coal
Coal consists largely of condensed aromatic compounds of extremely high molar mass. These compounds have a high proportion of carbon compared with hydrogen
