CHAPTER 23 VOCABULARY Flashcards
Addition reaction
A reaction in which a substance is added at the double bond of an alkene or at the triple bond of an alkyne
Alcohol
An organic compound having an -OH group; the general structure is R-OH
Aldehyde
An organic compound in which the carbon of carbonyl group is joined to at least one hydrogen; the general formula is RCHO
Alkyl halide
A halocarbon in which one or more halogen atoms are attached to the carbon atoms of an aliphatic chain
Aryl halide
A halocarbon in which one or more halogens are attached to the carbon atoms of an arene ring
Carbonyl group
A functional group having a carbon atom and oxygen atom joined by a double bond; it is found in aldehydes, ketones, esters, and amides
Carboxyl group
A functional group consisting of carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group; it is found in carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acid
An organic acid containing a carboxyl group; the general formula is RCOOH
Dehydrogenation reaction
A reaction in which hydrogen is lost
Denatured alcohol
Ethanol to which a poisonous substance has been added to make it toxic
Ester
A derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the -OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by the -OR from an alcohol; the general formula is RCOOR
Ether
An organic compound in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups; the general formula is R-O-R
Fatty acid
The name given to the continuos chain carboxylic acids that were first isolated from fats
Fermentation
The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria
Fermentation
The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria
Functional group
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions; the chemistry of an organic compound is determined by its functional groups
Functional group
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions; the chemistry of an organic compound is determined by its functional groups
Halocarbon
Any member of a class of organic compounds containing covalently bonded fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine
Hydration reaction
A reaction in which water is added to an alkene
Hydrogenation reaction
A reaction in which hydrogen is added to a carbon carbon double bond to give an alkane
Hydroxyl group
The -OH functional group present in alcohols
Ketone
An organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is joined to two other carbons; the general formula is RCOR
Monomer
A simple molecule that repeatedly combines to form a polymer
Polymer
A very large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating small molecules, known as monomers
