CHAPTER 23 VOCABULARY

Question 1

Addition reaction

Answer 1

A reaction in which a substance is added at the double bond of an alkene or at the triple bond of an alkyne

Question 2

Alcohol

Answer 2

An organic compound having an -OH group; the general structure is R-OH

Question 3

Aldehyde

Answer 3

An organic compound in which the carbon of carbonyl group is joined to at least one hydrogen; the general formula is RCHO

Question 4

Alkyl halide

Answer 4

A halocarbon in which one or more halogen atoms are attached to the carbon atoms of an aliphatic chain

Question 5

Aryl halide

Answer 5

A halocarbon in which one or more halogens are attached to the carbon atoms of an arene ring

Question 6

Carbonyl group

Answer 6

A functional group having a carbon atom and oxygen atom joined by a double bond; it is found in aldehydes, ketones, esters, and amides

Question 7

Carboxyl group

Answer 7

A functional group consisting of carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group; it is found in carboxylic acids

Question 8

Carboxylic acid

Answer 8

An organic acid containing a carboxyl group; the general formula is RCOOH

Question 9

Dehydrogenation reaction

Answer 9

A reaction in which hydrogen is lost

Question 10

Denatured alcohol

Answer 10

Ethanol to which a poisonous substance has been added to make it toxic

Question 11

Ester

Answer 11

A derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the -OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by the -OR from an alcohol; the general formula is RCOOR

Question 12

Ether

Answer 12

An organic compound in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups; the general formula is R-O-R

Question 13

Fatty acid

Answer 13

The name given to the continuos chain carboxylic acids that were first isolated from fats

Question 14

Fermentation

Answer 14

The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria

Question 15

Fermentation

Answer 15

The production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria

Question 16

Functional group

Answer 16

A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions; the chemistry of an organic compound is determined by its functional groups

Question 17

Functional group

Answer 17

A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions; the chemistry of an organic compound is determined by its functional groups

Question 18

Halocarbon

Answer 18

Any member of a class of organic compounds containing covalently bonded fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine

Question 19

Hydration reaction

Answer 19

A reaction in which water is added to an alkene

Question 20

Hydrogenation reaction

Answer 20

A reaction in which hydrogen is added to a carbon carbon double bond to give an alkane

Question 21

Hydroxyl group

Answer 21

The -OH functional group present in alcohols

Question 22

Ketone

Answer 22

An organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is joined to two other carbons; the general formula is RCOR

Question 23

Monomer

Answer 23

A simple molecule that repeatedly combines to form a polymer

Question 24

Polymer

Answer 24

A very large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating small molecules, known as monomers

Question 25

Substitution reaction

Answer 25

A common type of organic reaction; involves the replacement of an atom or group of atoms by another atom or group of atoms