CHAPTER 23 Flashcards
Most organic chemistry involves substituents which are _______________
Groups attached to hydrocarbon chains
The substituents of organic molecules often contain __________________ they are called ____________ because they are the chemicaly functional parts of the molecules
Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
Functional groups
What are alkyl halides?
Halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an aliphatic chain
The __________ atoms attached to the alkyl group determines whether the carbon is primary, secondary, or tertiary
Number of carbon
Halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of arene ring are called _____________
Aryl halides
The more highly halogenated organic compounds have ___________ boiling points
Higher
Alcohols and alkyl halides are classified as _____________ according to their “degree of substitution”
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Degree of substitution is determined by counting the number of ________ directly attached to the carbon that beats the halogen or hydroxyl group.
Carbon atoms
Organic reactions commonly involve the breaking of ________________
Relatively strong covalent strong covalent bonds
A common type of organic reaction is a ______________ in which an atom or group of atoms replaces another atom or group of atoms
Substitution reaction
The chemical reactions of most organic compounds involve _______ groups
Functional
Functional groups are the chemically _________ parts of an organic molecule
Reactive
Common functional groups include the double and triple carbon carbon bonds of __________ and ________ respectively
Alkenes
Alkyns
________ are a class of organic compounds containing one or more covalently bonded halogen atoms
Halocarbons
A common type of organic reaction is a _______ reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms
Substitution
For example treating methane with bromine in the presence of a catalyst causes the substitution of a ______ atom with a _______ atom
Hydrogen
Bromine
Similarly halogens on carbon chains are readily replaced by hydroxide ions to produce an _____ and a ______
Alcohol
Halide ion
T or F a functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic reactions
True
T or F many halocarbons are in nature
Sometimes true
T or F a product of a substitution reaction is a hydrogen halide
Sometimes true
T or F the common name of CH3CH2CH2Br is propylene bromide
True
Functional group
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions
Alkyl halide
CH3CH2CH2CH2I
Substitution reaction
The reaction of chlorine with ethane to produce ethyl chloride and hydrogen chloride
Aryl halides
A class of organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms are joined to a carbon of an arene ring
