Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 120 > CHAPTER 22 (HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 22 (HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called

A

Hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? Hydrogen atoms are the only atoms that can bond to the carbon atoms in a Hydrogen

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is true about carbons ability to form bonds.
1.) Carbon atoms have four valance electrons
2.) Carbon atoms always form three covalent bonds
3.) Carbon atoms can form stable bonds with other Carbon atoms.

A

1.)Carbon atoms have four valance electrons
3.) Carbon atoms can form stable bonds with other Carbon atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? Albanese contain only single covalent bonds

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the simplest alkane

A

Ethane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are straight-chain alkanes

A

A saturated hydrocarbon that contains any number of atoms arranged one after the other in a chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The names of all alkanes end in the suffix

A

Ane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many carbon atoms does each straight chain alkane contain?
1.) Nonane
2.) Propane
3.) Heptane
4.) Butane

A

1.) 9
2.) 3
3.) 7
4.) 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The straight chain alkanes form an ____________ because there is an incremental change of a CH2 group from one compound in the series to the next

A

Homologous series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a condensed structural formula for pentane?
A.) C⁵H¹²
B.) CH³CH²CH²CH²CH³
C.) CH³(CH²)³CH³
D.) C-C-C-C-C

A

B
C
D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The IUPAC system uses __________ to show the number of carbon atoms in a straight chain alkane

A

Prefexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A _____________ is an atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen in a hydrocarbon molecule

A

Substituent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alkyl groups are named by removing the -ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon and adding _______

A

-yl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a branched-chain alkane?

A

An alkane with one or more alkyl groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the correct IUPAC name?
CH³ CH³
| |
CH³-C-CH²-CH-CH³
|
CH³

A

2,2,4 trimethylpentane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Draw a condensed structural formula for 2 - methylhexane

A

H H H H H H
| | | | | |
H-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
| | | | | |
H H.H H H H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are hydrocarbon molecules such as alkanes nonpolar?

A

Because the electron pair in a carbon-hydrogen or carbon carbon bond is shared equally by the nucli of the atoms involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hydrocarbons and other nonpolar molecules are not attracted to ________

A

Water or polar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an alkene?

A

Hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon carbon double covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atoms are called _____________ compounds

A

Saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which family of hydrocarbons are always saturated compounds?

A

Alkanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is the following question true or false? Rotation can occur around a carbon-carbon double bond

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hydrocarbons that contain one or more _____________ covalent bonds between carbons are called alkynes

A

Carbon-Carbon triple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

___________ is the most simplest alkyne, and is also known by the common name _________

A

Ethyne, acetylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Circle the letter of each compound that is an aliphatic compound
1.) 1-butane
2.) Acetylene
3.) 2-methylpropane

A

A, B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the major attractive forces between alkane, alkene, or alkyne molecules?

A

The major forces are weak van der waals forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? The angle between the carbon atoms in a carbon-carbon triple bond is 120°

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

They are compounds that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are joined together in a different order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? Structural isomers have the same physical properties

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many structural isomers are there for C⁴H¹⁰

A

2

32
Q

Name the structural isomers of C⁴H¹⁰

A

Butane and 2-methylpropane

33
Q

In general, what determines which of two structural isomers will have the lower boiling point.

A

The more highly branched structure

34
Q

Stereoisomers differ only in the ________________________

A

Position of their atoms

35
Q

What two things need to be present for geometric isomers to exist

A

A double bond
At least 1 substituent on each carbon of the double bond

36
Q

Objects that are ______________ will produce a reflection that is indistinguishable from the original object

A

Symmetrical

37
Q

Mirror images of a right hand and a left hand cannot be ___________

A

Superimposed

38
Q

What is an asymmetrical carbon

A

A carbon with four different atoms or group

39
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? The relationship of optical isomers is similar to that between right and left hands

A

True

40
Q

Circle the two asymmetrical carbons in the structure shown below
CH³-CH²-CH²-CH-CH-CH-CH³
| | |
CH²CH³CH³
|
CH³

A

Hearts indicate circles
CH³-CH²-CH²-♥︎CH-CH♥︎-CH-CH³
| | |
CH²CH³CH³
|
CH³

41
Q

What is a cyclic hydrocarbon

A

Compounds that contain a hydrocarbon rings

42
Q

The most abundant cyclic hydrocarbons conatin ________ or _______ carbons

A

5, 6

43
Q

Is the following sentence true or false cyclic hydrocarbons that contain only single carbon - carbon bonds are called cycloalkanes

A

True

44
Q

What is the origin of the name aromatic compounds

A

Many aromatic compounds have pleasant odors

45
Q

Benzene has the chemical formula __________

A

C⁶H⁶

46
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? Any substance that has carbon-carbon bonding like that of benzene is called an aromatic compound

A

True

47
Q

Another name for an aromatic compound is _________

A

Arene

48
Q

What does it mean to say that benzene exhibits resonance?

A

Two equally valid structures can be drawn for benzene

49
Q

Molecules that exhibit resonance are more _________ than similar Molecules that do not exhibit resonance

A

Stable

50
Q

The actual bonds in a benzene ring are identical _________ of single and double bonds

A

Hybrids

51
Q

When ________ is a substitute on an alkane, it is called a phenyl group

A

Benzene

52
Q

Derivatives of benzene that have _________ substituents are called disubstituted benzenes

A

Two

53
Q

Why do disubstituted benzenes always have three structural isomers?

A

There are three possible positions for the two substituents

54
Q

Match the terms for naming a disubstituted benzene with the substituent positions they may represent
____ meta. A.) 1,2
____ ortho. B.) 1,3
____ para. C.) 1,4

A

B.) 1,3 meta.
A.) 1,2 ortho.
C.) 1,4 para.

55
Q

What is another name for the dimethylbenzenes?

A

Xylenes

56
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

They are carbon based fuels derived from the decay of organisms

57
Q

List three factors needed to produce fossil fuels from organic residue

A

1.) Pressure
2.) Bacterial action
3.) Heat

58
Q

Petroleum and natural gas contain mostly _________ hydrocarbons

A

Aliphatic

59
Q

What are the four main components of natural gas?

A

Methane, ethane, propane and butane

60
Q

Which noble Gas is found in natural gas?

A

Helium

61
Q

Fill in the missing reactents and products in the equation for the combustion of methane
CH⁴ + 2 _____ (g) —> ____ (g) + 2 ____ (g) + heat

A

CH⁴ + 2 O2 (g) —> CO2 (g) + 2 h2O (g) + heat

62
Q

Propane and butane are sold in ______ form to be used as ________ fuels

A

Liquid, heating

63
Q

_________ combustion of a hydrocarbon produces a blue flame
________ combustion produces a yellow flame

A

Complete, incomplete

64
Q

What toxic gas is formed during incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

Carbon monoxide ( CO )

65
Q

The first oil well was drilled in _________ in the late 1850s

A

Pennsylvania

66
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? Petroleum is commercially useful without refining

A

False

67
Q

How is Petroleum refined?

A

It is refined by fractional distillation. Compounds are collected according to their boiling points

68
Q

Circle the letter of the distillation fraction that represents the highest percent of crude oil
A.) Natural gas
B.) Gasoline
C.) Kerosene
D.) Lubricating oil

A

B.( gasoline

69
Q

Using a catalyst and heat to break hydrocarbons down into smaller molecules is called ________

A

Cracking

70
Q

_________ is the intermediate material that Is the first stage in coal formation

A

Peat

71
Q

Name the three types of coal and the carbon content of each

A

A.) Lignite about 50 %
B.) Bituminous, 70-80 %
C.) Anthracite > 80 %

72
Q

Is the following sentence true or false? Coal Mines in North America are usually at least one kilometer below earth’s surface

A

False

73
Q

Coal consists primarily of __________ compounds of extremely high molar mass

A

Aromatic

74
Q

Aromatic compounds produce more _______ when burned than do __________ fuels

A

Soot, aliphatic

75
Q

What major air pollutants are produced by burning coal that contains sulfur?

A

SO² AND SO³

76
Q

List four products that can be obtained by distilling coal

A

Gas
Coke
Coal tar
Ammonia

Chemistry 120 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions