CHAPTER 22.5 Flashcards
Much of the world’s energy is supplied by ___________
Burning fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are __________ because they are__________________________
Carbon-based
Derived from the decay of organisms
Typically natural gas is composed of about
About 80% methane
10% ethane
4% propane
2%butane
Propane and butane are separated from the other gases in natural gas by ___________________
Liquefaction and sold in pressurized tanks as liquid Petroleum gas
Oxygen is necessary for the efficient combustion of a hydrocarbon. If there is not enough O² available, the combustion is ___________
Incomplete
Complete combustion gives off a _________ flame. Incomplete combustion gives a _________ flame
Blue
Yellow
Most of the hydrocarbons in Petroleum are ________________
Straight chain and branched chain alkanes
Petroleum also contains small amounts of?
Aromatic compounds, as well as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen containing organic compounds
What is cracking?
Cracking is a controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or rearranged into smaller more usefull molecules
The first stage in coal formation is known as
Peat
What is peat?
Peat Is a soft, brown, spongy fibrous material with a very High water content
After a long period of time, peat loses most of its fibrous texture and becomes _____ or ______
Lignite
Brown coal
Continued pressure and heat slowly change lignite into _______ or ________
Bituminous or soft coal
In some regions of earth’s crust, even greater pressures have been exerted, in those places soft coal has been change into __________ or __________
Anthracite or hard coal
Coke is the ___________________ left after coal distillation
Solid material
Coal gas consists mainly of?
Hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide
Coal tar can be distilled further into
Benzene, toluene, napthalene, phenol, and pitch
The three fossil fuels are ______, Petroleum and _______
Natural
Coal
The majority of natural gas, about 80 percent is _______
Methane
Most of the hydrocarbons in Petroleum and natural gases are ______ hydrocarbons
Aliphate
Petroleum is refined by ______ it into fractions according to _______
Distillation
Boiling points
Coal is produced when peat, which is derived from plant material, changes to _____, or brown coal this in turn becomes _______, or soft coal then _______ or hard coal.
Ligmite
Bituminous
Anthracite
Coal is made up largely of condensed ________ compounds
Aromatic
T or F carbon monoxide is the product of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
False
T or F natural gas is composed mostly of aromatic hydrocarbons
False
T or F among the various types of coal, Anthracite has the highest carbon content
True
T or F hydrocarbons produce carbon monoxide when burned
Sometimes true
Cracking
Process by which hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules
Petroleum
Fossil fuel containing straight and branched chain alkanes
Distillation
Process by which Petroleum is separated into fractions
Lignite
Brown coal, consisting of about 50 percent carbon
Anthracite
Hard coal, which is high in carbon content
