CHAPTER 23 KEY CONCEPTS Flashcards
How are organic compounds classified
Organic compounds can be classified according to their functional groups
What is a halocarbon?
A halocarbon is a carbon containing compound with a halogen substituent
How can a halocarbon be prepared
A halocarbon can replace a hydrogen atom on an alkane to produce a halocarbon
How are alcohols classified and named?
Aliphatic alcohols can be classified into structural categories according to the number of R groups attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl group
When using the IUPAC system to name continuous chain and substitued alcohols, drop the -e ending of the parent alkane name and add the ending -ol
How does the solubility of alcohols vary with the length of the carbon chains?
Alcohols of up to four carbons are soluble in water in all proportions. The solubility of alcohols with four or more carbons in the chain is usually much lower
How can functional groups be introduced into organic molecules
Addition reactions of alkenes are an important method of introducing new functional groups into organic molecules
Write the general structure for an ether and explain how ethers are named
The general structure of an ether is R -O-R the alkyl groups attached to the ether linkage are named in alphabetical order and are followed by the word ether
Describe the structure of the carbonyl groups that are characteristic of aldehydes and ketones
The C=O functional group is present in aldehydes and ketones
What is the general formula for a carboxylic acid?
The general formula for a carboxylic acid is RCOOH
What is the general structure of an Ester?
Esters contain a carbonyl group and an ether link to the carbonyl carbon. The general formula for an Ester is RCOOR
Explain why dehydrogenation is an oxidation reaction
Dehydrogenation is an oxidation reaction because the loss of each molecule of hydrogen involves the loss of two electrons from the organic molecule
Describe how Addition polymers form.
An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer
Describe how condensation polymers form
Condensation polymers are formed by the head-to-tail joining of monomer units
