CHAPTER 22 VOCABULARY

Question 1

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Any straight chain or branched chain alkane, alkene or alkyne

Question 2

Alkane

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds; alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons

Question 3

Alkenes

Answer 3

A hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 4

Alkyl group

Answer 4

A hydrocarbon substituent; the methyl group is an alkyl group

Question 5

Alkyne

Answer 5

A hydrocarbon containing a carbon carbon triple bond; alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 6

Aromatic compounds

Answer 6

An organic compound that contains a benzene ring or other ring in which the bonding is like that of benzene; aromatic compounds are also known as arenes

Question 7

Asymmetric carbon

Answer 7

A carbon atom that has four different atoms or groups attached

Question 8

Branched chain alkane

Answer 8

An alkane with one or more alkyl groups attached to the parent structure

Question 9

Cis configuration

Answer 9

The configuration in which substituent groups are on the same side of a double bond

Question 10

Condensed structural formulas

Answer 10

A structural formula that leaves out some bonds and/or atoms; the presence of these atoms or bonds is understood

Question 11

Cracking

Answer 11

The controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or rearranged into smaller, more useful molecules

Question 12

Cyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 12

An organic compound that contains a hydrocarbon ring

Question 13

Homologous series

Answer 13

A group of compounds in which there is a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound in the series to the next

Question 14

Hydrocarbons

Answer 14

An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Question 15

Geometric isomers

Answer 15

Compounds that have atoms in the same order, but differ in the orientation of groups around a double bond

Question 16

Isomers

Answer 16

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures

Question 17

Optical isomers

Answer 17

Molecules that differ from one another in the way that four different groups are arranged around a carbon atom

Question 18

Saturated compounds

Answer 18

An organic compound in which all carbon atoms are joined by single covalent bonds; it contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom

Question 19

Stereoisomers

Answer 19

Molecules that have atoms in the same order, but which differ in the arrangement of the atoms in space

Question 20

Straight chain alkane

Answer 20

A saturated hydrocarbon that contains any number of carbon atoms arranged one after the other in a chain

Question 21

Straight chain alkane

Answer 21

A saturated hydrocarbon that contains any number of carbon atoms arranged one after the other in a chain

Question 22

Structural isomers

Answer 22

Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but whose atoms are bonded in a different order

Question 23

Substituent

Answer 23

An atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule

Question 24

Trans configuration

Answer 24

The configuration in which substituent groups are on the opposite sides of a double bond

Question 25

Unsaturated compounds

Answer 25

An organic compound with one or more double or triple carbon carbon bonds