CHAPTER 22 PART TWO

Question 1

Today organic chemistry includes the Chemistry of almost all _____________

Answer 1

Carbon compounds regardless of their origin

Question 2

The simplest organic compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen and are called ____________

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons

Question 3

The two simplest hydrocarbons are _____________

Answer 3

Methane CH⁴ and Ethane C²H⁶

Question 4

How is methane formed?

Answer 4

By the action of bacteria on decaying plants in swamps and other marshy areas

Question 5

Because carbon has four valence electrons a ___________________

Answer 5

Carbon atoms always forms four covalent bonds

Question 6

Methane isn’t typical of the vast majority of compounds because _____________

Answer 6

There isn’t a bond between carbon atoms in a methane molecule

Question 7

What are alkanes

Answer 7

Hydrocarbons in which there are only single covalent bonds

Question 8

In alkanes all carbon-carbon bonds are _______________ and all other bonds are _____________

Answer 8

Single covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Alkanes have the general formula

Answer 9

CnH2n + 2 (C2H6)

Question 10

What is ethane? (Many definitions may be acceptable)

Answer 10

The simplest of the straight chain alkanes, which contain any number of carbon atoms, one after the other in a chain

Question 11

What is a homologous series

Answer 11

A constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound in the series to the next.

Question 12

Every alkane has a name that ends with the suffix _____

Answer 12

-ane

Question 13

In a condensed formula __________

Answer 13

Some bonds and/or atoms are left out of the structural formula.

Question 14

Because a carbon atoms form four covalent bonds ________

Answer 14

It can bond not only to one or two other carbon atoms, but also to three or even four other carbons resulting in branched chains

Question 15

What is a substituent?

Answer 15

A atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule

Question 16

What is the parent alkane?

Answer 16

The longest continuous carbon chain of a branched chain hydrocarbon

Question 17

What is an alkyl group

Answer 17

A hydrocarbon substituent

Question 18

How are alkyl groups named

Answer 18

By removing the -ane ending from the parent hydrocarbon name and adding -yl

Question 19

What are the three smallest alkyl groups

Answer 19

Methyl group (CH3–)
Ethyl group (CH3CH2–)
Propyl group (CH3CH2CH2–)

Question 20

An alkyl group consists of an alkane with ____________

Answer 20

One hydrogen removed

Question 21

When a substituent alkyl group is attached to a straight chain hydrocarbon ____________

Answer 21

Branches are formed

Question 22

An alkane with one or more alkyl groups is called a __________

Answer 22

Branches chain alkane

Question 23

Molecules of hydrocarbons such as alkanes are __________

Answer 23

Nonpolar molecules

Question 24

The nonpolar hydrocarbon compounds will not form solutions with ______

Answer 24

Polar compounds

Question 25

The branch of chemistry that deals with ______ compounds is called ________ chemistry

Answer 25

Carbon
Organic

Question 26

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are _______

Answer 26

Hydrocarbo

Question 27

Carbon always forms ____ covalent bonds

Answer 27

Four

Question 28

Alkanes contain only carbon carbon _____ bonds

Answer 28

Single

Question 29

The carbons can be arranged in a _____ chain or in a chain that has ______

Answer 29

Straight
Branches

Question 30

A hydrocarbon substituent is called an _______ group

Answer 30

Alkly group

Question 31

The first step in naming branched chain alkanes is to fund the _______ chain of carbons in the molecule
Thus chain is the _______ chain

Answer 31

Longest
Parent

Question 32

T or F because a carbon atom contains 6 valance electrons, it forms 3 covalent bonds

Answer 32

False

Question 33

T or F straight chain alkanes contain 10 carbon atoms

Answer 33

Sometimes true

Question 34

T or F a substituent can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T or F hydrogen structural formulas are numberd from right to left

Answer 35

Sometimes true

Question 36

T or F when naiming branched chain hydrocarbons the names of the substituent alkyl groups are listed in alphabetical order

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Hydrocarbons

Answer 37

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Question 38

Alkanes

Answer 38

Hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds

Question 39

Straight chain alkanes

Answer 39

Alkanes that contain any number of carbons one after another in a chain

Question 40

Substitutent

Answer 40

Atom or group of atoms that take the place of a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule

Question 41

Alkyl group

Answer 41

A hydrocarbon substituent

Question 42

Branched chain alkanes

Answer 42

Alkanes that contain one or more alkyl substituents