CHAPTER 22 PART TWO Flashcards
Today organic chemistry includes the Chemistry of almost all _____________
Carbon compounds regardless of their origin
The simplest organic compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen and are called ____________
Hydrocarbons
The two simplest hydrocarbons are _____________
Methane CH⁴ and Ethane C²H⁶
How is methane formed?
By the action of bacteria on decaying plants in swamps and other marshy areas
Because carbon has four valence electrons a ___________________
Carbon atoms always forms four covalent bonds
Methane isn’t typical of the vast majority of compounds because _____________
There isn’t a bond between carbon atoms in a methane molecule
What are alkanes
Hydrocarbons in which there are only single covalent bonds
In alkanes all carbon-carbon bonds are _______________ and all other bonds are _____________
Single covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Alkanes have the general formula
CnH2n + 2 (C2H6)
What is ethane? (Many definitions may be acceptable)
The simplest of the straight chain alkanes, which contain any number of carbon atoms, one after the other in a chain
What is a homologous series
A constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound in the series to the next.
Every alkane has a name that ends with the suffix _____
-ane
In a condensed formula __________
Some bonds and/or atoms are left out of the structural formula.
Because a carbon atoms form four covalent bonds ________
It can bond not only to one or two other carbon atoms, but also to three or even four other carbons resulting in branched chains
What is a substituent?
A atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule
What is the parent alkane?
The longest continuous carbon chain of a branched chain hydrocarbon
What is an alkyl group
A hydrocarbon substituent
How are alkyl groups named
By removing the -ane ending from the parent hydrocarbon name and adding -yl
What are the three smallest alkyl groups
Methyl group (CH3–)
Ethyl group (CH3CH2–)
Propyl group (CH3CH2CH2–)
An alkyl group consists of an alkane with ____________
One hydrogen removed
When a substituent alkyl group is attached to a straight chain hydrocarbon ____________
Branches are formed
An alkane with one or more alkyl groups is called a __________
Branches chain alkane
Molecules of hydrocarbons such as alkanes are __________
Nonpolar molecules
The nonpolar hydrocarbon compounds will not form solutions with ______
Polar compounds
The branch of chemistry that deals with ______ compounds is called ________ chemistry
Carbon
Organic
Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are _______
Hydrocarbo
Carbon always forms ____ covalent bonds
Four
Alkanes contain only carbon carbon _____ bonds
Single
The carbons can be arranged in a _____ chain or in a chain that has ______
Straight
Branches
A hydrocarbon substituent is called an _______ group
Alkly group
The first step in naming branched chain alkanes is to fund the _______ chain of carbons in the molecule
Thus chain is the _______ chain
Longest
Parent
T or F because a carbon atom contains 6 valance electrons, it forms 3 covalent bonds
False
T or F straight chain alkanes contain 10 carbon atoms
Sometimes true
T or F a substituent can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule
True
T or F hydrogen structural formulas are numberd from right to left
Sometimes true
T or F when naiming branched chain hydrocarbons the names of the substituent alkyl groups are listed in alphabetical order
True
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds
Straight chain alkanes
Alkanes that contain any number of carbons one after another in a chain
Substitutent
Atom or group of atoms that take the place of a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule
Alkyl group
A hydrocarbon substituent
Branched chain alkanes
Alkanes that contain one or more alkyl substituents
