Chapter 23: Evolution of Populations

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

a group of organisms of a species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

Observable traits in an organism

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

Genetic composition (not observable); traits must be heritable

Question 4

Hardy-Weinberg Equillibrium

Answer 4

Under certain conditions, allele frequency should remain constant from generation to generation

Question 5

Hardy Weinberg Equation

Answer 5

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 6

p^2

Answer 6

homozygous dominant

Question 7

2pq

Answer 7

heterozygous

Question 8

q^2

Answer 8

homozygous recessive

Question 9

5 HW principle assumptions

Answer 9

1. No mutations
2. Random mating
3. No natural selection
4. Very large population size
5. No gene flow

Question 10

Mutation

Answer 10

Change in nucleotide sequence; mechanisms to try and catch these but not always perfect

Question 11

Random mating

Answer 11

Mating between individuals where the choice of partner is not influenced by the genotypes; female has equal chance of mating with any male

Question 12

Large population size is important because… (3 reasons)

Answer 12

1. Genetic drift
2. Genetic bottle neck
3. Founder effect

Question 13

Genetic drift

Answer 13

the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms (need large sample size)

Question 14

Genetic bottle necks

Answer 14

limits the genetic diversity of. the species because only a small part of the original population survives

Question 15

Founder effect

Answer 15

the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

Question 16

Gene flow

Answer 16

the transfer of genetic material from one population to another