Chapter 23 Bleeding

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

The Heart (pump), the blood vessels (container), and BLOOD and fluids (the fluid)

Question 2

Can the heart still function after the nervous system shuts down?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What kind of blood does the right side of the heart receive?

Answer 3

It receives oxygen poor (deoxygenated) blood from the veins

Question 4

What kind of blood does the left side of the heart?

Answer 4

It receives the oxygen rich (oxygenated) blood through the pulmonary veins

Question 5

Which chamber is responsible for providing the 100% of the body with oxygen rich blood?

Answer 5

The left ventricle and it is the most muscular part of the heart

Question 6

What are the five types of blood vessels?

Answer 6

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

Question 7

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 7

AORTA

Question 8

How long does it take for the brain and spinal cord to be injured without perfusion?

Answer 8

They can be injured after 4-6 minutes

Question 9

Can cells in the central nervous system regenerate?

Answer 9

NO NO NO

Question 10

How long after inadequate perfusion do kidneys become damaged?

Answer 10

It takes 45 minutes

Question 11

How long does it take for skeletal muscle to become injured after inadequate perfusion?

Answer 11

It takes 12 COD matches or 2 hours

Question 12

What are the 5 SIGNS of HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK??

Answer 12

RAPID weak pulse, LOW blood pressure, CHANGES in mental status, CLAMMY skin, CYANOSIS

Question 13

How much blood does the typical adult have per kilogram of body weight?

Answer 13

Approximately 70 mL

Question 14

How much blood loss does a child need to lose to show significant symptoms of blood loss?

Answer 14

It only takes 100-200mL of blood loss

Question 15

What is Hypovolemic shock?

Answer 15

Low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion and even death

Question 16

What does MOI stand for?

Answer 16

Mechanism of Injury

Question 17

Bleeding from an open artery is what color?

Answer 17

BRIGHT red because it is higher in oxygen

Question 18

Bleeding from an open vein is what color?

Answer 18

DARK red because it is low in oxygen

Question 19

What does capillary blood look like?

Answer 19

It is a dark red and oozes steadily but slowly

Question 20

What is more likely to clot spontaneously, Capillary or Arterial blood?

Answer 20

Capillary Blood

Question 21

What is VASOCONSTRICTION?

Answer 21

The narrowing of an open vessel reducing the amount of bleeding

Question 22

What is COAGULATION?

Answer 22

This is the process of a clot forming, plugging the hole and sealing the injured portions of the vessel

Question 23

What medication interferes with blood clotting?

Answer 23

ASPIRIN

Question 24

Some people lack one or more of the blood’s clotting factors, this is known as?

Answer 24

HEMOPHILIA

Question 25

What are the typical signs of internal bleeding?

Answer 25

Local swelling and bruising due to the accumulation of blood around the ends of the broken bone

Question 26

What is DCAP BTLS?

Answer 26

DEFORMITIES, CONTUSIONS, ABRASIONS, PUNCTURES, BURNS, TENDERNESS, LACERATIONS, and SWELLING

Question 27

What are common causes of nontraumatic internal bleeding?

Answer 27

Bleeding Ulcers, Bleeding from the Colon, Ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and Aneurysms

Question 28

What are signs of internal bleeding in older patients?

Answer 28

DIZZINESS, FAINTNESS, WEAKNESS

Question 29

What are other terms for a bruise?

Answer 29

CONTUSION or ECCHYMOSIS

Question 30

What is a HEMATOMA?

Answer 30

It is a mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin, which indicates bleeding into soft tissues and may be the result of a minor or severe injury

Question 31

What is the term for vomited blood?

Answer 31

HEMATEMESIS

Question 32

What is MELENA?

Answer 32

A black, foul smelling, tarry stool that contains digested blood

Question 33

What is the term for bright red blood coughed up by the patient?

Answer 33

HEMOPTYSIS

Question 34

What are the signs and symptoms of a closed fracture that is bleeding?

Answer 34

Pain, Tenderness, Bruising, Guarding, or Swelling

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of a lacerated spleen or liver?

Answer 35

Broken Ribs, Bruises over the lower part of the chest, or a Rigid, Distended Abdomen

Question 36

What is the first step in a secondary assessment?

Answer 36

PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS: check the airway, look for distended neck veins, deviated trachea, paradoxical movement of the chest wall, bilateral breathing sounds, heart rate and pulses, level of consciousness, pupil size and reactivity, motor response, sensory response, look for DCAP-BTLS and check ALL anatomic regions

Question 37

What do you do when you suspect significant bleeding, whether internally or externally?

Answer 37

Provide high flow oxygen

Question 38

What are the 3 methods to control external bleeding?

Answer 38

Direct even pressure and elevation, Pressure dressings or splints, and TOURNIQUETS

Question 39

How high do you elevate a bleeding extremity when applying direct pressure?

Answer 39

As little as 6”

Question 40

Can you elevate an open fracture?

Answer 40

NEVER NEVER NEVER elevate an open fracture. ONLY after splinting can you elevate a fracture

Question 41

If a commercial tourniquet is not available, what can be used as a substitute?

Answer 41

A triangular bandage which needs to be folded 4” wide and 6-8 layers thick; bandage needs to be wrapped around extremity twice

Question 42

Can you apply a tourniquet over a joint?

Answer 42

NO NO NO, keep it as close to the injury as possible

Question 43

What are traction splints?

Answer 43

They are designed to stabilize FEMUR fractures

Question 44

What is the medical term for a nosebleed?

Answer 44

EPISTAXIS or EPIC TAXES ahhhhhhh

Question 45

Bleeding from the nose or ears following a head injury may indicate what?

Answer 45

SKULL FRACTURE and in this case, you should NOT attempt to stop the blood flow