Chapter 15 Neurologic Emergencies Flashcards
What is the third leading cause of death in the U.S?
STROKE coming in after heart disease and cancer
What the 3 major parts of the brain?
Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Cerebrum?
What does the brain stem control?
It controls basic functions, such as, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction
What does the cerebellum control?
It controls muscle and body coordination
What does the cerebrum control?
The cerebrum is divided into the right and left hemisphere, each responsible for the opposite side of the body
What part of the cerebrum controls emotion and thought?
Front part
What part of the cerebrum controls touch and movement?
Middle
What part of the cerebrum processes sight?
Back
How many cranial nerves run from the brain to various parts of the head?
There are 12 cranial nerves
What is the brain most sensitive to?
Changes in oxygen, glucose, and temperature levels
What is the most common type of headache and what are they caused by?
Tension headaches are the most common and are caused by muscle contractions in the head and neck and are attributed to stress
What kind of headache is caused by changes in the blood vessel size in the base of the brain?
Migraine headaches
What is the cause of sinus headaches?
Pressure as a result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities
What are serious conditions that include headache as a symptom?
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE, BRAIN TUMORS, MENINGITIS
What should you suspect in patients when then complain of severe headache, seizures and AMS?
STROKE
What are early signs of INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE?
Headache, Vomiting, AMS, and Seizures
What are symptoms of BACTERIAL MENINGITIS?
Headaches, Stiff Neck, Fever, and Sensitivity to Light
What is CVA?
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT aka STROKE
What is ISCHEMIA?
A lack of oxygen that causes the cells not to function properly
What is an ISCHEMIC STROKE?
Due to the direct blockage of blood flow through the cerebral arteries
What is a HEMORRHAGIC STROKE?
A blood vessel ruptures, causing increased pressure in the brain and subsequent brain damage
What are the two possible causes of the blockage of blood flow which causes an Ischemic Stroke?
THROMBOSIS, where a clot forms at the site of blockage or EMBOLUS, where the clot forms in a remote area and travels to the site of blockage
What is the most common type of stroke?
ISCHEMIC STROKE and it accounts for more than 80% of all strokes combined
What is the name of the disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up, forming plaque inside the walls of the blood vessels?
ATHEROSCLEROSIS