Chapter 17 Endocrine and Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards
What does the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM secrete?
Hormones
What is the main function of the endocrine system and its hormone messengers?
To maintain homeostasis
What are some severe complications that can occur with diabetes?
Blindness, cardiovascular disease, and kidney failure
Patients who do not produce insulin have what kind of Diabetes?
Type 1
Patients who develop Diabetes later on in life and can produce insulin but in inadequate amounts has what kind of Diabetes?
Type 2
Which type of diabetes is easier to regulate?
Type 2
Without Insulin, glucose from food remains in the blood and the levels gradually become extremely high. This is known as ?
HYPERGLYCEMIA
What are the 3 Ps in relation to Diabetes?
POLYURIA frequent and plentiful urination POLYDIPSIA frequent drinking of liquid to satisfy continuous thirst POLYPHAGIA excessive eating as a result of cellular “hunger”; seen only occasionally
When low in glucose, the body turns to fat BUT fat as an energy source creates
KETONES and FATTY ACIDS; both are formed as waste products and are hard for the body to excrete
What is ACIDOSIS?
A dangerous condition caused by the accumulation of ketones in blood and tissue
What is DKA?
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; an accumulation of certain acids occurs when insulin is not available in the body and DKA is considered a type of hyperglycemic crisis
Is DKA more commonly found in Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes because the body doesn’t product any insulin
What are signs and symptoms of DKA?
weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, a weak and rapid pulse, and a type of deep, rapid breathing called KUSSMAUL RESPIRATIONS
How does a patient’s breath smell when suffering from DKA?
they have a sweet smell caused by the ketones
What is HHNC?
HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC NONKETOTIC COMA and this is more commonly found in Type 2 Diabetes
