Chapter 23

Question 1

pest

Answer 1

any species that 
-competes w us for food 
-invades lawns and gardens 
-destroys wood in houses
-spreads diseases 
-invades ecosystems
AKA: A NUISANCE

Question 2

natural enemy

Answer 2

any predators, parasites, and disease organisms that control the population of about 98% of the potential pest species as part of the world’s FREE ECOLOGICAL SERVICES

Question 3

pesticides / biocides

Answer 3

chemicals to kill or control populations of organisms considered undesirable.

Question 4

insecticides

Answer 4

chemicals that kill insects by blocking reproduction, clogging their airways, or disrupting their nervous system.

Question 5

herbicides

Answer 5

Chemicals that kill weeds by disrupting their metabolism and growth.

Question 6

fungicides

Answer 6

chemicals that kill fungi.

Question 7

rodenticide

Answer 7

chemicals that kill rats and mice.

Question 8

second generation pesticides

Answer 8

chemicals that can kill or repel pests, and they have improved natural pesticides produced by plants.

Question 9

DDT

Answer 9

potent insecticide

• highly resistant -
• biologically magnified

Question 10

broad-spectrum agents

Answer 10

a pesticide toxic to many species

Question 11

selective spectrum agents

Answer 11

pesticide effective to only a narrowly defined group of organisms

Question 12

persistence

Answer 12

how long a pollutant stays in the air, water, soil or the body

Question 13

pesticide treadmill

Answer 13

the more pesticides you use, the less effective they are

Question 14

circle of poison

Answer 14

residues or banned or unapproved chemicals exported to other countries can return to the country.

Question 15

Silent Spring

Answer 15

rachel carson’s book about the effects of the environment (mostly birds) with the use of pesticides.

Question 16

dirty dozen

Answer 16

a group of twelve persistent organic pollutants that countries are trying to ban.

examples: DDT, and other chlorine pertaining pesticides

Question 17

economic threshold

Answer 17

the point at which economic losses caused by pest damage outweigh the cost of applying a pesticide.

Question 18

cosmetic spraying

Answer 18

increased pesticide use because most consumers often buy only the best looking crops even though there is nothing wrong with the blemished ones.

Question 19

food irradiation

Answer 19

extends food shelf life and kills insects, parasitic worms and harmful bacteria
(low gamma radiation is used)

Question 20

integrated pest management (IPM)

Answer 20

overall goal: reduce crop damage to an economically tolerable level.

• each crop and its pest are evaluated as parts of an ecological system. The farmer than develops a control plan than includes all methods of pest control in the proper order at the right time.
• biological, chemical and cultivation processes