chapter 17 Flashcards
CRUDE OIL / PETROLEUM
- THICK LIQUID CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS, SULFUR, OXYGEN AND NITROGEN
- EXTRACTED FROM UNDERGROUND DEPOSITS ANS SEPARATED TO MAKE PRODUCTS SUCH AS GASOLINE, HEATING OIL AND ASPHALT.
REFINERY
- PLACE WHERE CRUDE OIL IS HEATED AND DISTILLED.
- REFINING OIL DECREASES ITS NET ENERGY YIELD
CONVENTIONAL OIL (LIGHT OIL)
- OIL THAT PROVIDES ABOUT A THIRD OG THE ENERGY USED TODAY
- USED TO HEAT HOMES,RUN MOTOR VEHICLES AND IS A COMPONENT IN SOME FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES
- PRODUCES AIR POLLUTION (-)
HEAVY CRUDE OIL
-REAMINING OIL DEPOSIT THAT IS TOO DIFFICULT OR EXPENSIVE TO RECOVER
PETROCHEMICALS
- PRODUCT OF OIL DISTILLATION
- USED IN MANUFACTURING PESTICIDES, PLASTICS, SYNTHETIC FIBERS, PAINTS, AND MEDICINES.
OIL SAND / TAR SAND
-MIXTURE OF CLAY, SAND, WATER AND BITUMEN (HEAVY OIL W HIGH SULFUR CONTENT)
SHALE OIL
- OIL SHALE: FINE GRAINED SEDIMENTARY ROCK THAT CONTAINS KEROGEN (MIXTURE OF COMBUSTIBLE HYDROCARBONS)*
- MADE BY HEATING OIL SHALE ROCK and increasing the rate if flow and remove sulfur, nitrogen and other impurities.
CONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS
-LIES ABOVE CRUDE OIL RESERVOIRS
UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS
- FOUND IN METHANE HYDRATE AND OTHER UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS SPOTS
- VERY EXPENSIVE TO EXTRACT THE NATURAL GAS FROM THESE AREAS
LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
- NATURAL GAS AT A VERY LOW TEMPERATURE COULD BE CONVERTED INTO LNG.
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
-PROPANE AND BUTANE GASES ARE LIQUEFIED AND REMOVED AS LPG
LIGHT WATER REACTORS
-PRODUCE ABOUT 85% OF THE WORLD’S NUCLEAR GENERATED ELECTRICITY
URANIUM OXIDE FUEL
-97% UNRANUIM 238 AND 3% URANUIM 235 (FISSONABLE)
CONTROL RODS
- MADE OF NEUTRON-ABSORBING MATERIALS
- ABOSRB NEUTRONS IN ORDER TO REGULATE THE RATE OF FISSION AND THE AMT OF POWER THE REACTOR USES
HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES
- GIVE OFF LARGE AMTS OF RADIATION FOR A SHORT TIME OR SMALL AMTS FOR A LONG TIME
EXMAPLES: FUEL RODS
LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES
-GIVE OFF SMALL AMOUNTS OF RADIATION AND MUST BE STORED SAFELY IN ORDER FOR IT TO DECAY.
COAL GASIFICATION
CONVERSION OF SOIL COAL TO SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS
COAL LIQUEFICATION
CONVERSION OF SOILD COAL TO A LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL SUCH AS SYNTHETIC GASOLINE OR METHANOL
SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS
GASEOUS FUEL CONTAINING MOSTLY METHANE PRODUCED FROM SOILD COAL
