AP EXAM REVIEW QUIZ #1 : BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Question 1

what happens during nitrogen fixation?

Answer 1

nitrogen wastes are covered by bacterium into ammonium

Question 2

in what ways have humans had an effect in the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 2

1. use of fertilizers

2. combustion of fossil fuels

Question 3

anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

end product methane

Question 4

ammonification

Answer 4

when specialized aerobic bacteria covert most of the ammonia in the sol into nitrate ions

Question 5

nitrogen fixation

Answer 5

when specialized bacteria in the soil convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia

Question 6

aerobic respiration

Answer 6

bacteria use oxygen to convert organic nutrients back into carbon dioxide

Question 7

concentrations of gases in dry air?

Answer 7

co2:

Question 8

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Answer 8

• phosphorus is not necessary for living organisms
• generally found in rocks, sediment and soil
• phosphorus does not exist in the atmosphere as a gas
• mined from rocks, processed and then added to commercial inorganic fertilizers
• major source on land: compounds realizes by weathering rock
• major component in biological molecules such as proteins
• upwellings bring phosphate from seafloor rocks up back into the terrestrial cycle

eutrophication: a body of water achieves excess nutrients (phosphate) and can cause an overgrowth of algae and deplete the water of oxygen (algae blocks sunlight)

Question 9

all cycle can be…?

Answer 9

altered dramatically by humans

Question 10

CARBON CYCLE

Answer 10

two main processes: respiration and photosynthesis

-travels though food chains by carbohydrates from plants which then returns to the atmosphere by
bodies of consumers decompose into soil OR bodies eventually become part of a fossil fuel and is burned

• carbon sinks include forests and oceans
• reservoirs of co2
  1. oceans: co2 soluble in water and algae photosynthesizes
  2. rocks: calcium carbonate
  3. fossil fuels

Question 11

SULFUR CYCLE

Answer 11

• one of the components that makes up proteins and vitamins (MAKES IT NECESSARY FOR ORGANISMS)
• mostly found in rocks or salts deep in the ocean and in atmosphere (naturally or through volcanic eruptions and decaying of organisms)

Question 12

NITROGEN CYCLE

Answer 12

• found in dna,rna,amino acids
• used in fertilizers
• too much in environment=loss of biodiversity
  example: discharge from sewage=harm to marine life