Chapter 22: Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the 4 processes involving the respiratory system
- Ventilation
- External Respiration
- Transport of Gases
- Internal Respiration
3 tonsillar tissue
- Palatine
- Lingual
- Adenoids
Tonsillar Tissue: Palatine
Lateral walls of fauces
Tonsillar Tissue: Lingual
Posterior surface of tongue and pharyngeal
Tonsillar Tissue: Adenoids
Posterior nasopharyngeal wall
Function: Larynx
- Voice production
- Airway patency
- Separation of air and food passages
____ is the only laryngeal cartilage that forms a complete ring
Cricoid
_____ run anteriorly from the arytenoid cartilages to thyroid cartilages and together with the rima glottidis (opening) form the glottis
True vocal cords (ligaments)
Valsalva maneuver
straining
- help to evacuate rectum
- stabilizes the trunk of the body when one lifts a heavy load
Which cartilage forms the tracheal rings
hyaline cartilage
T or F: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and mucus production in the airway provide a mechanism to trap particulate matter and clean the inhaled air and airway
True
T or F: there are 3 lobes to the right lung and 2 lobes to the left lung
True
- Lobes are called bronchial divisions
T or F: there are ~23 orders (branches) of air tubes from traches to alvelor duct
True
T or F: the geometric structure is fractal with an ever increasing number of ever smaller branches
True
___ muscle is present down to the level of the terminal bronchioles and constricts the airway in conditions like asthma
Smooth
Type I alveolar cells
the alveolar cell wall for gas exchange
Type II alveolar cells
the source of surfactant that lowers surface tension and helps keep the alveoli inflated
The parietal cavity is bounded by the parietal pleura on the ____ and the visceral pleura over the lung
Thoracic wall
- the pleural cavity is filled with pleural fluid that creates surface tension between the 2 membranes
- important for inflating the lung during inspiration
___ is about the movement of air into and out of the lungs
Ventilation
- the primary muscle of inspiration are the contracting (flattening) diaphragm and the external intercostal
the primary muscle of ______ are the contracting (flattening) diaphragm and the external intercostal
Inspiration
Normal expiration is a more passive process relying on the _____l of the chest wall back to normal shape
Elastic recoil
______ involves the internal intercostals, abdominal obliques and the transverse abdominis muscles
Forced expiration
the rate and rhythm of breathing is regulated by centers in _______ oblongata- pontine respiratory centers, ventral respiratory groups and dorsal respiratory group
the pons and medulla
Peripheral chemoreceptors, the carotid and aortic bodies, supply ____ input to the respiratory centers
Afferent
The carotid and aortic are more sensitive to __________ than pCO2 level
plasma pH (H+ ion concentration)
______ is the major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, lung cancer and an aggravating factor for asthma
Smoking
- primary or second hand
2 key features: chronic bronchitis
Excess mucus production
- Chronic productive cough
2 key features: emphysema
Loss of alveolar wall/architecture
- Loss of lung elasticity
