Chapter 22: Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the 4 processes involving the respiratory system

Answer 1

1. Ventilation
2. External Respiration
3. Transport of Gases
4. Internal Respiration

Question 2

3 tonsillar tissue

Answer 2

1. Palatine
2. Lingual
3. Adenoids

Question 3

Tonsillar Tissue: Palatine

Answer 3

Lateral walls of fauces

Question 4

Tonsillar Tissue: Lingual

Answer 4

Posterior surface of tongue and pharyngeal

Question 5

Tonsillar Tissue: Adenoids

Answer 5

Posterior nasopharyngeal wall

Question 6

Function: Larynx

Answer 6

1. Voice production
2. Airway patency
3. Separation of air and food passages

Question 7

____ is the only laryngeal cartilage that forms a complete ring

Answer 7

Cricoid

Question 8

_____ run anteriorly from the arytenoid cartilages to thyroid cartilages and together with the rima glottidis (opening) form the glottis

Answer 8

True vocal cords (ligaments)

Question 9

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 9

straining

• help to evacuate rectum
• stabilizes the trunk of the body when one lifts a heavy load

Question 10

Which cartilage forms the tracheal rings

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage

Question 11

T or F: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and mucus production in the airway provide a mechanism to trap particulate matter and clean the inhaled air and airway

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T or F: there are 3 lobes to the right lung and 2 lobes to the left lung

Answer 12

True

- Lobes are called bronchial divisions

Question 13

T or F: there are ~23 orders (branches) of air tubes from traches to alvelor duct

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T or F: the geometric structure is fractal with an ever increasing number of ever smaller branches

Answer 14

True

Question 15

___ muscle is present down to the level of the terminal bronchioles and constricts the airway in conditions like asthma

Answer 15

Smooth

Question 16

Type I alveolar cells

Answer 16

the alveolar cell wall for gas exchange

Question 17

Type II alveolar cells

Answer 17

the source of surfactant that lowers surface tension and helps keep the alveoli inflated

Question 18

The parietal cavity is bounded by the parietal pleura on the ____ and the visceral pleura over the lung

Answer 18

Thoracic wall

• the pleural cavity is filled with pleural fluid that creates surface tension between the 2 membranes
• important for inflating the lung during inspiration

Question 19

___ is about the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 19

Ventilation

- the primary muscle of inspiration are the contracting (flattening) diaphragm and the external intercostal

Question 20

the primary muscle of ______ are the contracting (flattening) diaphragm and the external intercostal

Answer 20

Inspiration

Question 21

Normal expiration is a more passive process relying on the _____l of the chest wall back to normal shape

Answer 21

Elastic recoil

Question 22

______ involves the internal intercostals, abdominal obliques and the transverse abdominis muscles

Answer 22

Forced expiration

Question 23

the rate and rhythm of breathing is regulated by centers in _______ oblongata- pontine respiratory centers, ventral respiratory groups and dorsal respiratory group

Answer 23

the pons and medulla

Question 24

Peripheral chemoreceptors, the carotid and aortic bodies, supply ____ input to the respiratory centers

Answer 24

Afferent

Question 25

The carotid and aortic are more sensitive to __________ than pCO2 level

Answer 25

plasma pH (H+ ion concentration)

Question 26

______ is the major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, lung cancer and an aggravating factor for asthma

Answer 26

Smoking

- primary or second hand

Question 27

2 key features: chronic bronchitis

Answer 27

Excess mucus production

- Chronic productive cough

Question 28

2 key features: emphysema

Answer 28

Loss of alveolar wall/architecture

- Loss of lung elasticity