Chapter 18: Blood Flashcards
Hematocrit
Measure of percent red blood cells
Erythrocytes
- Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Made in bone marrow and removed in spleen
- Live about 100 days
- Biconcave disc shape
- No organelles or nuclei
- 8 microns in diameter: same size as capillary diameter
T or F: myeloid and lymphoid are two different cell lines in the bone marrow in white blood cells (leukocytes)
True
What are the myeloid origin cells also called
Granulocytes
What are the 3 subdivisions of granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Most numerous white blood cells in peripheral blood
- Destroy bacteria by phagocytosis
- Nucleus: has 2-6 lobes: PMNs
What are the 3 main proteins in plasma
Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogens
Phagocytosis
Eat bacteria and debris
T or F: Neutrophils leave the vascular space by diapedesis
True
Diapedesis: the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries
Eosinophils
Disease fighting WBCs
- Allergic reactions
- kills parasites (phagocytic cells)
Basophils
Nucleus: usually 2 lobes
- Secretes histamines
- Inflammation
- natural vasodilator
- least WBCs
What are the 2 subdivisions of agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Mount immune response by direct cell attack (T cells) or via antibodies (B cells)
- Fights infectious organisms
What are the two main classes of lymphocytes
T cells and B cells
T cells
Coordinate attack on foreign cells and directly kill foreign cells
- helper Ts
- suppressor/regulator Ts
- killer Ts
B cells
multiply to become plasma cells
- secrete antibodies
- carry memory for event
Monocytes
Largest leukocytes
- Kidney shaped
- transform into macrophages “big eaters” in tissues
Platelets
Cell fragments
- break off from megakaryocytes
- Function in clotting of blood
Hematopiesis
Process by which blood cells are formed
T or F: Monocytes in blood become tissue macrophages
True
- when they leave the the vascular space looking for stranger in danger
T or F: platelets are also called throbocytes
True
- fragments of a large cell called megakaryocytes
- platelets produce blood clotting by generating thromboplastin and thickening to fibrin strands
Thrombus
A clot that develops and persists in an intact blood vessels
Embolus
When the thrombus breaks free and travels in bloodstream
- when the clot breaks loss and travels
Hematopoises
process by which blood cells are formed
- formed in red marrow
T or F: hematopoetic stem cell can differentiate into any of the formed elements
True
Anemia
Erythrocyte levels or hemoglobin concentrations are low
Leukemia
A form of cancer
Thrombocytopenia
Abnormally low concentrations of platelets
