Chapter 18: Blood

Question 1

Hematocrit

Answer 1

Measure of percent red blood cells

Question 2

Erythrocytes

Answer 2

• Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Made in bone marrow and removed in spleen
• Live about 100 days
• Biconcave disc shape
• No organelles or nuclei
• 8 microns in diameter: same size as capillary diameter

Question 3

T or F: myeloid and lymphoid are two different cell lines in the bone marrow in white blood cells (leukocytes)

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the myeloid origin cells also called

Answer 4

Granulocytes

Question 5

What are the 3 subdivisions of granulocytes?

Answer 5

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

Most numerous white blood cells in peripheral blood

• Destroy bacteria by phagocytosis
• Nucleus: has 2-6 lobes: PMNs

Question 7

What are the 3 main proteins in plasma

Answer 7

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogens

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

Eat bacteria and debris

Question 9

T or F: Neutrophils leave the vascular space by diapedesis

Answer 9

True

Diapedesis: the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries

Question 10

Eosinophils

Answer 10

Disease fighting WBCs

• Allergic reactions
• kills parasites (phagocytic cells)

Question 11

Basophils

Answer 11

Nucleus: usually 2 lobes

• Secretes histamines
• Inflammation
• natural vasodilator
• least WBCs

Question 12

What are the 2 subdivisions of agranulocytes

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Question 13

Lymphocytes

Answer 13

Mount immune response by direct cell attack (T cells) or via antibodies (B cells)
- Fights infectious organisms

Question 14

What are the two main classes of lymphocytes

Answer 14

T cells and B cells

Question 15

T cells

Answer 15

Coordinate attack on foreign cells and directly kill foreign cells

• helper Ts
• suppressor/regulator Ts
• killer Ts

Question 16

B cells

Answer 16

multiply to become plasma cells

• secrete antibodies
• carry memory for event

Question 17

Monocytes

Answer 17

Largest leukocytes

• Kidney shaped
• transform into macrophages “big eaters” in tissues

Question 18

Platelets

Answer 18

Cell fragments

• break off from megakaryocytes
• Function in clotting of blood

Question 19

Hematopiesis

Answer 19

Process by which blood cells are formed

Question 20

T or F: Monocytes in blood become tissue macrophages

Answer 20

True

- when they leave the the vascular space looking for stranger in danger

Question 21

T or F: platelets are also called throbocytes

Answer 21

True

• fragments of a large cell called megakaryocytes
• platelets produce blood clotting by generating thromboplastin and thickening to fibrin strands

Question 22

Thrombus

Answer 22

A clot that develops and persists in an intact blood vessels

Question 23

Embolus

Answer 23

When the thrombus breaks free and travels in bloodstream

- when the clot breaks loss and travels

Question 24

Hematopoises

Answer 24

process by which blood cells are formed

- formed in red marrow

Question 25

T or F: hematopoetic stem cell can differentiate into any of the formed elements

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Anemia

Answer 26

Erythrocyte levels or hemoglobin concentrations are low

Question 27

Leukemia

Answer 27

A form of cancer

Question 28

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 28

Abnormally low concentrations of platelets