Chapter 21: Lymphatic & Immune

Question 1

Main components of the immune system

Answer 1

Lymphochytes
Lymphoid tissue
Lymphoid organs

Question 2

Components of the lymphatic system

Answer 2

Lymph capillaries
Collecting vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph trunk
Lymph duct

Question 3

Function: Lymph capillaries

Answer 3

Highly permeable with flap like minivalves that allow easy uptake of fluid and proteins

Question 4

Function: Collecting vessels

Answer 4

Have one way valve like veins and use skeletal muscle pumps to move lymph toward the heart

Question 5

Function: Lymph node

Answer 5

Filters afferent lymphatic flow and provides an opportunity to recognize “bacterial strangers” as lymph percolates through its medullary sinuses

• Antigen presenting cells look for naive T cell that recognize the antigen they carry
• a match activates the T cell and selects it for cloning and subsequently results in antigen specific antibody production by a B cell

Question 6

T or F: in the lymph node - a match activates the T cell and selects it for cloning and subsequently results in antigen specific antibody production by a B cell

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T or F: in the lymph node - Antigen presenting cells look for naive T cell that recognize the antigen they carry

Answer 7

True

- antigen presenting cells: macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells

Question 8

What are the 5 Major lymphatic trunks

Answer 8

Lumbar
Intestinal
Bronchiomediastinal
Subclavian
Jugular

Question 9

____ is a major lymphatic channel returning lymph to vascular space

Answer 9

Thoracic duct

- commonly occurs at the junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular

Question 10

3 functions of the lymphatics

Answer 10

1. Return excess tissue to bloodstream
2. Return leaked protein
3. Carry absorbed fat from intestinal lacteals to venous circulation

Question 11

B cells

Answer 11

divide to produce plasma cells

- secrete antibodies that bind with soluble antigens, marking them for phagocytes

Question 12

Cytotoxic (CD8) T cells

Answer 12

Directly lyse the “foreign” cells
- a virus infected cell or cancer cell
lyse; rupture of cell wall

Question 13

Helper T cells

Answer 13

1. Help activate B cells to secrete antibodies
2. Help macrophages to destroy ingested microbes
3. Help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

Question 14

Humoral Immunity

Answer 14

Active B cells become plasma cells that produce antigen specific antibodies and memory cells that are ready for any later exposure to the same antigen

Question 15

T or F: T cells have their origin in the bone marrow but then go to the thymus to learn self tolerance and become immunocompetent

Answer 15

True

self tolerant: not to attack themselves

Question 16

____ attacks a persons CD4 T cells and weakens immunity by depleting this cell population resulting in AIDS

Answer 16

HIV

Question 17

2 Functions: Spleen

Answer 17

1. Removal of blood borne antigens and bacteria via immune cells
2. Removal and destruction of old stiff red blood cells

Question 18

Secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 18

1. Spleen
2. Lymph nodes
3. Tonsils
4. Aggregated lymphoid nodules in the intestinal tract

Question 19

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 19

1. Bone marrow

2. thymus

Question 20

Lymphedema

Answer 20

Caused by the removal of or damage to your lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment.
- lymphatic collecting duct has become blocked

Question 21

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 21

disease of the lymph nodes

• Abnormal in size, number, or consistency.
• producing swollen or enlarged lymph nodes

Question 22

Lymphangitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel