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Human Anatomy > Chapter 13: Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

____ consists of the somatic sensory nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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2
Q

White matter of the spinal cord is composed of ____

A

Nerve fibers (myelinated)

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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4
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough mother - outer layer
Leathery
- dense fibrous connective tissue

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5
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

between dura and pia mater

- web-like thread

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6
Q

Pia mater

A

Gentle mother - inner layer

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7
Q

4 main components of the CNS

A
  1. Brain stem
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Cerebrum
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8
Q

____ is the outer layer of the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Gray matter

- Also called cortex 2-4mm thick

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9
Q

How many ventricles are in the brain

A

4

- Two lateral, a midline and a fourth ventricle

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10
Q

Key features: Medulla

A
  1. Above spinal cord
  2. descending motor tracts cross over on the anterior or ventral side - decussation
  3. Cranial nerves VIII - XII (8-12) vagus nerve
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11
Q

Key features: Pons

A
  1. Fourth ventricle sets between pons and cerebellum

2. Reticular formation for arousal states

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12
Q

T or F: Midbrain is the 3rd part of the brain stem

A

True

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13
Q

How many hemispheres does the brain have

A

2

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14
Q

____ coordinates information on balance and movement and the fibers to and from it are ipsilateral

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

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16
Q

3 components of the diencephalon

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Pineal gland (epithalamus)
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17
Q

____ sensory gateway to the cortex

A

Thalamus

- Communications relay through thalamic nuclei and are edited by the thalamus

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18
Q

5 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
  5. Insula
19
Q

Sulcus

A

Shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere

20
Q

Gyrus

A

twister ridges of brain tissue

21
Q

Pre-central gyrus: ____ function

A

Motor

22
Q

postcentral gyrus: ____ function

A

Sensory

23
Q

2 principles in brain circuitry

A
  1. Somatotopy

2. Contralateral projection

24
Q

Somatotopy

A

Entire body is mapped onto the sensory and motor cortex

- Results in cortical “homunculus”

25
Q

Contralateral projection

A

From peripheral sensors to opposite side postcentral gyrus

- Contralateral motor output from precentral gyrus cortex to opposite extremities

26
Q

Speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

27
Q

Production of speech

A

Broca’s area

28
Q

Wernicke’s and Broca’s area are to the ___ hemisphere

A

Left

29
Q

Processing: right hemisphere

A

Spatial, artistic, intuitive, “big picture” cortical processing

30
Q

Processing: left hemisphere

A

Details and symbolic representation

31
Q

_______ consists of commissural fibers that connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

32
Q

Components of the limbic system

A
  1. Cingulated gyrus
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Amygdala
  4. Septal nuclei
33
Q

another name for the limbic system

A

Emotional brain

34
Q

Amygdala

A

Processes fear

35
Q

Hippocampus

A

Encoding and processing memories

36
Q

Function: Reticular formation (brainstem)

A

Maintaining consciousness

- Generating a state of alertness and arousal from sleep

37
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is made by the ________ in the roofs of the brain ventricles

A

choroid plexuses

38
Q

T or F: Cerebrospinal fluid is a filtrate from brain capillary blood flow like kidney tubule ultrafiltrate from glomerular capillaries

A

True

39
Q

T or F: Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through brain ventricles and over spinal cord and brain subarachnoid space

A

True

40
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed in _______

A

Arachnoid villi

41
Q

Ascending sensory pathways require 3 neurons

A
  1. Sensory neuron
  2. Ascending neuron
  3. Thalamic relay to the sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
42
Q

Descending motor pathway require 2 neurons

A
  1. Upper motor neuron to anterior horn

2. Lower motor neuron

43
Q

Ascending sensory pathways require ____ neurons

A

Three

44
Q

Descending motor pathway require ___ neurons

A

Two

Human Anatomy (17 decks)

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