Chapter 13: Central Nervous System

Question 1

____ consists of the somatic sensory nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Answer 1

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 2

White matter of the spinal cord is composed of ____

Answer 2

Nerve fibers (myelinated)

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

Answer 3

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

Question 4

Dura mater

Answer 4

Tough mother - outer layer
Leathery
- dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

Arachnoid mater

Answer 5

between dura and pia mater

- web-like thread

Question 6

Pia mater

Answer 6

Gentle mother - inner layer

Question 7

4 main components of the CNS

Answer 7

1. Brain stem
2. Diencephalon
3. Cerebellum
4. Cerebrum

Question 8

____ is the outer layer of the cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 8

Gray matter

- Also called cortex 2-4mm thick

Question 9

How many ventricles are in the brain

Answer 9

4

- Two lateral, a midline and a fourth ventricle

Question 10

Key features: Medulla

Answer 10

1. Above spinal cord
2. descending motor tracts cross over on the anterior or ventral side - decussation
3. Cranial nerves VIII - XII (8-12) vagus nerve

Question 11

Key features: Pons

Answer 11

1. Fourth ventricle sets between pons and cerebellum

2. Reticular formation for arousal states

Question 12

T or F: Midbrain is the 3rd part of the brain stem

Answer 12

True

Question 13

How many hemispheres does the brain have

Answer 13

2

Question 14

____ coordinates information on balance and movement and the fibers to and from it are ipsilateral

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

Ipsilateral

Answer 15

Same side of the body

Question 16

3 components of the diencephalon

Answer 16

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Pineal gland (epithalamus)

Question 17

____ sensory gateway to the cortex

Answer 17

Thalamus

- Communications relay through thalamic nuclei and are edited by the thalamus

Question 18

5 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 18

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital
5. Insula

Question 19

Sulcus

Answer 19

Shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 20

Gyrus

Answer 20

twister ridges of brain tissue

Question 21

Pre-central gyrus: ____ function

Answer 21

Motor

Question 22

postcentral gyrus: ____ function

Answer 22

Sensory

Question 23

2 principles in brain circuitry

Answer 23

1. Somatotopy

2. Contralateral projection

Question 24

Somatotopy

Answer 24

Entire body is mapped onto the sensory and motor cortex

- Results in cortical “homunculus”

Question 25

Contralateral projection

Answer 25

From peripheral sensors to opposite side postcentral gyrus | - Contralateral motor output from precentral gyrus cortex to opposite extremities

Question 26

Speech comprehension

Answer 26

Wernicke's area

Question 27

Production of speech

Answer 27

Broca's area

Question 28

Wernicke's and Broca's area are to the ___ hemisphere

Answer 28

Left

Question 29

Processing: right hemisphere

Answer 29

Spatial, artistic, intuitive, "big picture" cortical processing

Question 30

Processing: left hemisphere

Answer 30

Details and symbolic representation

Question 31

_______ consists of commissural fibers that connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Answer 31

Corpus callosum

Question 32

Components of the limbic system

Answer 32

1. Cingulated gyrus 2. Hippocampus 3. Amygdala 4. Septal nuclei

Question 33

another name for the limbic system

Answer 33

Emotional brain

Question 34

Amygdala

Answer 34

Processes fear

Question 35

Hippocampus

Answer 35

Encoding and processing memories

Question 36

Function: Reticular formation (brainstem)

Answer 36

Maintaining consciousness | - Generating a state of alertness and arousal from sleep

Question 37

Cerebrospinal fluid is made by the ________ in the roofs of the brain ventricles

Answer 37

choroid plexuses

Question 38

T or F: Cerebrospinal fluid is a filtrate from brain capillary blood flow like kidney tubule ultrafiltrate from glomerular capillaries

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T or F: Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through brain ventricles and over spinal cord and brain subarachnoid space

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed in _______

Answer 40

Arachnoid villi

Question 41

Ascending sensory pathways require 3 neurons

Answer 41

1. Sensory neuron 2. Ascending neuron 3. Thalamic relay to the sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

Question 42

Descending motor pathway require 2 neurons

Answer 42

1. Upper motor neuron to anterior horn | 2. Lower motor neuron

Question 43

Ascending sensory pathways require ____ neurons

Answer 43

Three

Question 44

Descending motor pathway require ___ neurons

Answer 44

Two