Chapter 19: Heart

Question 1

3 cardiac layers

Answer 1

1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

Question 2

Epicardium

Answer 2

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 3

Myocardium

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle

Question 4

Endocardium

Answer 4

Endothelial lining of heart

Question 5

Fossa ovalis

Answer 5

Remnant of the foramen ovale that was open between the atria in fetal circulation

Question 6

Which ventricle wall is thicker

Answer 6

Left
- have similar internal anatomy with trabecular walls, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae that anchor the AV leaflet

Question 7

____ makes up the heart’s posterior surface and that the left ventricle is posterolateral relative to the right ventricle

Answer 7

Left atrium

Question 8

T or F: A heart valve opens and closes based on the direction of the existing pressure gradient across it

Answer 8

True

• valves that leak are incompetent or insufficient
• valves that narrow are stenotic

Question 9

Valves that ___ are incompetent or insufficient

Answer 9

Leak

Question 10

Valves that narrow are ____

Answer 10

stenotic

Question 11

Result from problems in electrical conducting system

Answer 11

cardiac arrhythmias: heart blocks, fibrillation, premature beats and asystole or lack of heart beat

Question 12

Systematic Nervous System

Answer 12

“fight or flight”

- increased heart rate (chronotropic effect) and force of contraction (inotropic effect)

Question 13

Chronotropic effect

Answer 13

Increased heart rate

Question 14

Inotropic effect

Answer 14

Force of contraction

Question 15

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

“rest and digest”

- decreases heart rate

Question 16

Coronary sinus

Answer 16

opens into the right atrium along with the superior and inferior vena canae

• 3 venous return vessels to the right atrium
• collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium).
• It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium