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Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist > Chapter 22: Rehabilitation and Reconditioning > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Rehabilitation and Reconditioning Flashcards

1
Q

Members of the sports medicine team

A
  • Team physician
  • Athletic trainer
  • Physical therapist
  • Strength and conditioning professional
  • Exercise physiologist
  • Nutritionist
  • Counselor, psychologist, or psychiatrist
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2
Q

Roles of the Team Physician

A
  • Preparticipation exams
  • On-field emergency care
  • Injury and illness evaluation and diagnosis
  • Referral to other health care professionals
  • Most often makes final determination of athlete readiness
  • Medication prescription
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3
Q

Roles of Athletic Trainer

A
  • Typically responsible for day-to-day health of the athlete
  • Management and rehab of injuries
  • Prevention of injuries through exercise prescription and application of prophylactic equipment
  • Evaluate injury
  • Treat injuries with therapeutic modalities
  • Administrator for the sports medicine team
  • Communication between members of the sports medicine time, the coach, and the athlete
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4
Q

Roles of Physical Therapist

A
  • Develop specific treatment strategies
  • Manage long-term rehab
  • Many serve as athletic training and PT
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5
Q

Roles of Strength and Conditioning Professional

A
  • Focuses on strength, power, and performance enhancement

- Develops a reconditioning program

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6
Q

Roles of Exercise Physiologist

A
  • Assists with the design of conditioning program with metabolic response in mind
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7
Q

Roles of Nutritionist

A

Provide guidelines regarding proper food choices to optimize recovery

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8
Q

Roles of Counselor, Psychologist, or Psychiatrist

A

Provide strategies that help the injured athlete better cope with the mental stress of an injury

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9
Q

Indication

A

A form of treatment required by the rehabilitating athlete

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10
Q

Contraindication

A

An activity or practice that is inadvisable or prohibited due to the given injury

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11
Q

Types of Injury

A
  • Macrotrauma

- Microtrauma

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12
Q

Macrotrauma

A
  • A specific, sudden episode of overload injury to a given tissue
  • Results in disrupted tissue integrity
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13
Q

Types of Macrotrauma

A

Trauma to:

  • Bone
  • Joint
  • Ligamentous
  • Musculotendinous
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14
Q

Types of trauma to bone

A
  • Contusion (bruise)

- Fracture

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15
Q

Types of joint trauma

A
  • Dislocation

- Subluxation

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16
Q

Dislocation

A

Complete displacement of the joint surfaces

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17
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of the joint surfaces

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18
Q

Types of ligamentous trauma

A
  • First degree sprain
  • Second degree sprain
  • Third degree sprain
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19
Q

First Degree Sprain

A

Partial tear of the ligament without increase joint stabilty

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20
Q

Second Degree Sprain

A

Partial tear with minor joint instability

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21
Q

Third Degree Sprain

A

Complete tear with full joint instability

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22
Q

Types of musculotendinous trauma

A
  • Contusion (direct trauma)

- Strain (indirect trauma)

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23
Q

Contusion

A
  • An area of excess accumulation of blood and fluid in the tissues surrounding the injured muscle
  • May severely limit the function of the injured muscle
24
Q

Muscle Strain

A
  • Tears of muscle fibers

- Assigned grades/degrees

25
Q

Muscle Strain Degrees

A
  • First degree
  • Second degree
  • Third degree
26
Q

First Degree Muscle Strain

A
  • A partial tear of individual fibers

- Characterized by strong but painful muscle activity

27
Q

Second Degree Muscle Strain

A
  • Partial tear with weak, painful muscle activity
28
Q

Third Degree Muscle Strain

A
  • A complete tear of the fibers

- Manifests a very weak, painless muscle activity

29
Q

Tendon Rupture

A
  • Rupture occurs if tensile load applied exceeds its limit
  • Tendon fibers are usually stronger than muscle, so failure is more likely to occur in the muscle or at the attachment point
30
Q

Microtrauma

A
  • Overuse injury
  • Results from repeated, abnormal stress applied to a tissue by continuous training or training with too little recovery time
31
Q

Potential causes of microtrauma

A
  • Training errors (poor program design, excessive volume)
  • Suboptimal training surfaces (too hard or uneven)
  • Faulty biomechanics or technique
  • Insufficient motor control
  • Decreased flexibility
  • Skeletal malalignment and predisposition
32
Q

Types of microtrauma

A
  • Bone (stress fracture)

- Tendon (tendinitis/tendinopathy)

33
Q

Stress Fracture

A
  • Often the result of a rapid increase in training volume or excessive training volume on hard training surfaces
  • Body type/structure, nutrition, and metabolic factors also play a role
34
Q

Tendinitis

A
  • Inflammation of a tendon

- If left untreated, chronic tendinitis or tendinopathy can occur

35
Q

Tendinopathy

A

A degenerative condition characterized by minimal inflammation and neovascularization

36
Q

General phases of tissue healing

A

Inflammatory response phase –> Fibroblastic repair phase –> Maturation-remodeling phase

37
Q

Characteristics of the inflammatory response phase

A
  • Pain, swelling, and redness
  • Decreased collagen synthesis
  • Increased number of inflammatory cells
  • Typically lasts less than one week
38
Q

Inflammation

A

The initial reaction to injury

39
Q

Edema

A
  • The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissues

- Inhibits contractile tissue

40
Q

Characteristics of the fibroblastic repair phase

A
  • Collagen fiber production
  • Decreased collagen fiber organization
  • Decreased number of inflammatory cells
  • Catabolism and replacement of tissues that are no longer viable after injury
  • Begins as early as two days after injury and may last up to 2 months
41
Q

Characteristics of the maturation-remodeling phase

A
  • Proper collagen fiber alignment
  • Increased tissue strength
  • Can last months to years after injury
42
Q

Considerations for making goals in rehab and reconditioning

A
  • Healing tissue MUST NOT be overstressed

- The athlete must meet specific objectives to progress from one phase of healing to the next

43
Q

Primary treatment goal during the inflammatory response phase

A

Prevent disruption of new tissue

44
Q

Exercise strategies for the inflammatory response phase

A
  • Passive rest may be initially necessary
  • Exercise directly involving or stressing the injured area is not recommended
  • Exercise not directly involving these areas may be performed
45
Q

Primary treatment goal during the fibroblastic repair phase

A
  • Precent excessive muscle atrophy and joint deterioration of the injured area
  • Low-load stresses are applied are introduced to promote collagen synthesis and prevent loss of ROM
46
Q

Exercise strategies for the fibroblastic repair phase

A
  • Isometric: may be performed, possibly at various joint angles
  • Isokinetic: may be performed, but due to its small degree of functionality it may not be ideal
  • Isotonic: can be used to increase strength and appropriately stress healing tissues
47
Q

Neuromuscular Control

A

The ability of muscle to respond to afferent sensory information to maintain joint stability

48
Q

Proprioception

A
  • An awareness of afferent sensory information

- Contributes to the control of posture, balance, stability, and sense of position

49
Q

Primary treatment goal during the maturation-remodeling phase

A

Optimize tissue function while transitioning to return to play or activity

50
Q

What is so dangerous about doing “too much too soon”

A

While there may be less pain with activity, the injured tissues have not fully healed and require further treatment to recover completely

51
Q

Exercise strategies for the maturation-remodeling phase

A

Exercises should increasingly reflect specificity

52
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

The collective effort or involvement of two or more sequential joints to create movement

53
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain

A

An exercise in which the terminal joint meets with considerable resistance that prohibits or restrains its free motion (the distal joint is stationary)

54
Q

Advantages of closed chain exercises

A
  • Increased joint stability

- Functional movement patterns

55
Q

Open Kinetic Chain

A
  • An exercise in which the terminal joint is free to move

- Allows for greater concentration on an isolated joint or muscle

Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist (24 decks)

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