Chapter 22

Question 1

What is the most widely abused drug?

Answer 1

ethanol

Question 2

Antivenin is available to neutralize the effects of what types of Coelenterates?

Answer 2

sea wasp, box jellyfish

Question 3

True or False? When a patient ingests an acid or base treatment is to give a neutralizing agent orally.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

The presence of a toxic syndrome or
toxidrome can help establish that a poison has
been involved by suggesting the class of
poison(s) to which the patient may have been
exposed. Table 22-1 provides a list of commonly
encountered toxidromes, their sources and
symptoms.

Answer 4

Poisoning should be suspected in all cases

of sudden, severe, and unexpected illness.

Question 5

Narcotic

Answer 5

opiates, benzodiazepines,

barbiturates

Question 6

Sympathomimetic

Answer 6

CNS excitation (confusion, in-coordination,
agitation, hallucination,  delirium,   seizures), increased   blood pressure and heart rate

Question 7

Ingestion of substances that do not produce

local effects can be divided into two types:

Answer 7

Nontoxic substances (latex paint, dirt, silica
gel, spider plant)
Potentially toxic substances (poisonous
fish, medications, heavy metals (lead, mercury), pesticides, and personal care products)

Question 8

The local actions of an ingested poison can
have irritant, acidic (corrosive), or basic
(caustic) effects at the site of contact. Ingested

Answer 8

Ipecac syrup is the most commonly

used substance to which an HM will have access.

Question 9

The usual adult dose is 15-30 ml,
and the dose for a child (age 1 to
12 years) is 15 ml.

Answer 9

Activated  charcoal  (AC)  adsorbs  many
substances in the stomach and prevents absorption into the body.

Question 10

After the substance is adsorbed to the
AC, the bound substance moves through the stomach and is eliminated with the production of a
charcoal-black bowel movement.

Answer 10

AC may be administered after emesis

or lavage, or it may be used alone.

Question 11

Soothe the stomach with milk or milk of

magnesia

Answer 11

Acids and alkalis (bases) produce actual
chemical burning and corrosion of the tissues of
the lips, mouth, throat, and stomach.

Question 12

Acids do
most of their damage in the acidic stomach
environment, while alkalis primarily destroy
tissues in the mouth, throat, and esophagus.

Answer 12

Metal fumes are generated from heating
metal to boiling and evaporation during hot
metal work in such operations as metal cutting
or welding resulting illness is called metal fume fever (MFF).

Question 13

Stings from bees, wasps, and ants account
for more poisonings than stings from any other
insect group.

Answer 13

About 40 species of scorpions (Fig. 22-1)
exist in America. Centruroides exilicauda, also called “bark scorpion,” is the scorpion found in
Mexico and the southwest region of United States and may cause severe effects.