Chapter 18 Flashcards
Pharmacy
Pharmacotherapeutics is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease
Toxicology is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them
Therapeutics is the science of treating disease by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure diseases and infections, or prolong life
United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP-NF), which sets standards for the quality, purity, strength, and consistency and provides standards for medications of therapeutic usefulness and pharmaceutical necessity.
Pharmacognosy is the branch of pharmacology dealing with biological, biochemical, and economic features of natural medications and their constituents
Pharmacy is the branch of pharmacology dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medications
Posology is the study of the dosages of medicines and medications
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy is the most widely used text/reference in American pharmacies.This work is known as the “blue bible” of pharmacology.
The study of dosage and the criteria that influence it is called posology.
The average therapeutic doses and are known as “usual adult doses.”
minimum dose (the least amount of medication required to produce a therapeutic effect),
maximum dose (the largest amount of medication that can be given without reaching the toxic effect)
toxic dose (the least amount of medication that will produce symptoms of poisoning).
therapeutic dose is calculated on an average adult male of 24 years who weighs approximately 150 pounds.
MINIMUM LETHAL DOSE.—is the least amount of medication that can produce death.
Factors that affect dosage are Age, weight, sex, race, occupation, habitual use of meds, time of administration, frequency of ad, mode of ad
Subcutaneous is the medication injected just below the skin’s cutaneous layers. Example: Insulin
Intradermal is the medication injected within the dermis layer of the skin. Example: Purified Protein Derivative (PPD).
Intramuscular is the medication injected into the muscle. Example: Procaine Penicillin G.
Vaporization - the process by which a medication is changed from a liquid or solid to a gas or vapor by the use of heat (such as in steam inhalation)
Gas Inhalation - almost entirely restricted to anesthesia
Nebulization - the process by which a medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas
Medications are classified according to set criteria and fall into three specific areas: general, chemical, and therapeutic
General: Grouped according to their source whether animal, vegetable, or mineral in origin
Chemical: Grouped by their chemical characteristics
Therapeutic (Pharmacological): Grouped according to their action on the body
Chemical name relates to the chemical and molecular structure. An example is 2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine
Generic name is often derived from the chemical name
Brand name (trade name) is the proprietary name given by the manufacturer. Brand name is also referred to as the trade name.
Astringents are medications that cause shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes. Mainly used to stop seepage, weeping, or discharge from mucous membranes
ASTRINGENTS: Aluminum Acetate solution (Burow’s Solution, Domeboro®) is used as a wet to dry dressing for the relief of inflammatory conditions of the skin, such as athlete’s foot, poison ivy, swelling, external otitis, bruises and insect bites.