Chapter 22: 1848-1871 Flashcards
Baron Houssmann
Helped with the reconstruction of Paris under Napoleon III’s reign
Napoleon III
Conservative leader that used liberal/nationalistic ideals to gain power
French Leader
Changed political & economic’s
Crimean War
A war between Russia, The Ottoman Empire, France and Britain
Poorly planned and poorly fought
Florence Nightingale
British woman who insisted on strict sanitary conditions for the British military which saved many lives and made nursing a profession
“The Charge of the Light Brigade”
England charged Russia to get their cannon back, only 1/2 the english made it
Count Camillo di Cavour
Prime minister under King Victor Emmanuel II
Moderate who favored a constitutional government
Helped expand economics to create the money to raise a large army to make Italy independent
Led the war to get Italy unified
Giuseppe Garibaldi
A south Italian patriot who raised an army of 1,000 volunteers to fight for unification
Zollverein
A German customs union that eliminated tolls for member states to stimulate trade and economic prosperity
Otto von Bismarck
New prime minister of Prussia
very conservative
Unintentionally led Germany to unification
Realpolitik
“Politics of reality”
“Iron and Blood”
A speech given by Bismarck in an attempt to win over the largely Austrian parliament
The Danish (and Prussian) War
Denmark attempted to take away two largely german states and went into war with Austria and Prussia and lost
Austro-Prussian War
A war to get Prussia sole control over the German confederation
Prussia won
Franco-Prussian War
War between France and Prussia egged on by an insulting apology edited by Bismarck the French lost
The Battle of Sedan
a whole troop force as well as Napoleon himself are captured leading to the fall of the second empire
Dual Monarchy
Two separate states retain individual domestic powers while still staying united under one monarchy
Ausgleigh
A compromise between Austria and Hungary that allowed Hungary more domestic rights but still held them under dual monarchy
Zemstvos
Local assemblies or moderate forms of self-government ruled by the noble landowners, townspeople, and peasants to provide for public services
Queen Victoria (England)
Longest reign in English history
Reflected her country’s national pride
Benjamin Disraeli
Tory/Conservative leader
Wanted to win over the newly enfranchised groups by passing another reform act
William Gladstone
Whig/Liberal was responsible for many important reforms
Dominion of Canada
The creation of a Canadian government with its own constitution
The Communist Manifesto
A short treatise written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx
Developed the idea of socialist parties/trade unions
Friedrich Engels
Helped finance Marx
Worked in one of his fathers cotton factories so he got a firsthand view of working conditions
Das Kapital
A book written by Marx about political economy and the organization of the middle class
Hegel
German idealistic philosopher
Marx followed many of his ideals
The First International
Organized for the working class interests Marx helped run this organization A sort of workers union
Louis Pasteur
Created the germ theory of disease that was largely used in application to modern scientific medical practices
Dmitri Mendeleyev
Worked in Chemistry
Put the periodic table in order
Michale Faraday
Discovered electromagnetic induction that laid the foundation for the use of electricity
Charles Darwin
Created the theory of organic evolution according to natural selection
Joseph Lister
Developed the antiseptic principle that helped to prevent infections in wounds or during surgeries
Elizabeth Blackwell
First major breakthrough in medicine for women
accidentally admitted into a med school but proved herself and got and MD and also opened a clinic in NewYork
August Comte
Applied science to the study of society
Realism
Outer material world
Gustave Flaubert & Madame Bovary
Gustave was a realist writer who wrote the book Madame Bovary which portrayed a realistic look at bourgeois lifestyle
Charles Dickens
Very popular realist writer who wrote about lower and middle class life in England’s early industrial age
Franz Liszt
A child prodigy
Embodied the romantic music theme
Pianist
Richard Wagner
Built on Liszt’s achievements he was an opera composer
He wrote dramatic pieces
Tennyson
Wrote the poem about the charge of the light brigade
