Chapter 13: Reformation Flashcards
Thomas Moore
1478-1535
Ended up as lord chancellor of England
Wrote Utopia about the idealistic life and institutions of a christian community
Proposed a new social society
Desiderius Erasmus
1466-1536
Most influential of all christian humanists
Formulated and popularized the reform program of christian humanism
Translated the earliest forms of scripture to get rid of any errors
Martin Luther
Head of the Reformation Was a monk with the Augustinian Hermits Professor of theology Found the church corrupt Broke from the church (protestant)
Johann (John) Tetzel
Dominican
Sold indulgences
Nintey-five Thesis
95 reasons why Martin Luther found the Roman Catholic Church corrupt
The Diet of Worms
A council to determine whether Luther was right in his teachings or a heretic
The Peasants War(1534)
Social discontent became entangled with religious revolt
Led to attacks
Philip Melanchthon
Formulated the Augsburg Confession
Spelled out what was wrong with lutheran faith
Charles V
Holy Roman emperor (1519-1556)
Wanted the catholic church
Had hold over a huge empire
Peace of Augsburg
Division of Christianity was formally excepted and religious warfare ended
Sacraments
A Catholics chief means of receiving Gods grace
Example: baptisim
Ulrich Zwingli
Lived in Zurich, Switzerland
Influenced heavily by christian humanism
Preached similarly to Luther
John Calvin
2nd generation reformer
Absolute sovereignty of God
We are all sinners
Predestination
Marburg Colloquy
When Luther and Zwingli met and discussed/agreed on many theological ideas
Could not agree on the issue of the Eucharist
Transubstantiation
.
Anabaptists
Means “baptized again”
Negative term
Followed a couple of concepts
Menno Simons
Dedicated his life to the spread of Anabaptism
His followers were called mennonites
William Tyndale
Translated the bible from greek into english
Translated the new testament
Act of Supremacy
Passed by Parliament
Made Henry the head of the english church
Thomas Cranmer
Archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Cromwell
The chancellor
Wanted a break with the catholic church
Book of Common Prayer
Protestant new book of prayer
Edward VI
Henrys eldest son
Significant religious reforms occured during his reign
Mary Tudor (bloody mary)
Henrys first child Was a queen Executed people in a bloody fashion Never had a kid Heavily Catholic
Puritans
Protestants within the anglican church who were inspired by calvinist theology and wanted to remove catholicism from the church of england
Catholic Reformation
Mixed old and new
Aimed at getting rid of protestanism
Ignatius Loyola
Spanish nobleman
Founded the Society of Jesus
Wrote The Spiritual Exercises
Council of Trent
And attempt to make a compromise between Catholics and Protestants
Catherine d’Medici
1519-1559
Catholic
Huguenots & St Bartholomew’s Day
Huguenots- french calvinists from all levels of society
Bartholomew’s massacre- august 24th catholic mobs killed innocent huguenots 3000 huguenots dead
Henry IV
Issued Edict of Nantes in 1598
Acknowledged Catholicism as the official religion of France but guaranteed the Huguenots a right to worship in selected places and allowed them to have a number of safe towns
Philip II of Spain
Greatest advocate of militant catholicism
Son and heir to Charles V
Spanish greatness in culture and politics
Elizabeth
Marys half sister
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Queen of England
Mostly protestant some catholic aspects
Mary Stuart
Next in line to the throne
Ended up being behead for being involved in plots to get Elizabeth taken out of the throne
Spanish Armada
.
Pacification of Ghent
.
