Chapter 15: Absolutism

Question 0

Defenestration of Prague

Answer 0

Threw officials out of a seven story building

Question 1

Fredrick IV (of the Palatinate)

Answer 1

Calvinist ruler

Formed a league of German Protestant states called the Protestant Union

Question 2

Gustavus Adolphus

Answer 2

King of Sweden
Responsible for reviving Sweden and making it into a great Baltic power.
Led an army into Germany to defend fellow Lutherans

Question 3

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 3

Ended the war in Germany in 1648

Ensured ALL German states were allowed to determine their own religion

Question 4

Jacques Bossuet and the Divine Right of kings

Answer 4

Wrote the book “Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture”
Said that God gave divine power to certain people who were the kings
These kings were responsible to no one but god

Question 5

Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII

Answer 5

Was Louis chief minister, initiated policies that eventually strengthened the power of the monarchy
Eliminated military and political rights of the Huguenots but kept religion
Sent out intendants to execute the orders of central government
Put France in a great debt

Question 6

Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 6

Succeeded Cardinal Richelieu and continued his policies

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

Son of Louis XIII
Greatest ruler
Liked war

Question 8

The Fronde

Answer 8

Revolt against Mazarin (2 of them)
The first ended in compromise
Second was crushed
Consisted of nobles and parliament of paris and many masses of unhappy french

Question 9

Edict of Fontainbleau

Answer 9

Opposed Protestants and closed all their schools and churchs

Question 10

Versailles

Answer 10

Location of the royal court
Home to the king, location of central government machinery, place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves, arena for rival aristocratic factions jostled for power.

Question 11

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Answer 11

Controller general of finances

Sought wealth through mercantilism

Question 12

Frederick William the Great Elector

Answer 12

Laid the foundation for Prussia
Made a huge army
Made a new tax called the General War Commissariat
Exempted nobles from tax and gave them full control over their peasants in order to get them out of politics
Followed mercantilist policies

Question 13

Hohenzollern

Answer 13

A dynasty
Ruled in several small provinces in Germany
Eventually became the large power known as Prussia

Question 14

Peter the Great

Answer 14

Wanted to westernize Russia
Wanted a powerful army/navy 
Reorganized government 
Created table of ranks 
Mercantilism/raised taxes
Took control of the church
Gave women more rights

Question 15

The Great Northern War and St. Petersburg

Answer 15

This war was waged against Sweden in an attempt to gain control of the Baltic Sea, so Peter could have his trade ports
St Petersburg was a new city named after Peter and became Russian capital while he was ruling

Question 16

The Dutch House of Orange

Answer 16

Occupied the stadholderate in most of the seven provinces and favored a development of a centralized government with themselves as monarchs

Question 17

The Stuart Dynasty

Answer 17

Came to power after Queen Elizabeth died

King James believed in divine power of kings which alienated parliment

Question 18

Puritans

Answer 18

Protestants in the Anglican church inspired by Calvinist theology

Question 19

Charles I and the English Civil War

Answer 19

Parliament and its supporters were fighting against king Charles
Parliament won first phase
Charles was killed

Question 20

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 20

Leader of the radical Puritans known as Independents
Lead the New Model Army to victory over Charles in the English Civil War
Lead England by military rule

Question 21

Levellers

Answer 21

Advocated advanced ideas such as freedom of speech, religious toleration, a democratic republic, annual parliaments, women’s equality, and government programs for the poor

Question 22

The Test Act

Answer 22

Specified that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices

Question 23

Charles II and the Restoration

Answer 23

Restored Anglican Church and

Question 24

James II

Answer 24

Professed catholic
Was hated by certain groups
Parliament was not happy

Question 25

The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights

Answer 25

Bill of Rights: made a system of government based in the rule of law and a freely elected parliment
Glorious Revolution: king of England declares himself catholic which isn’t tolerated. Parliament invited William of Orange to take out the King

Question 26

William and Mary

Answer 26

Ruled England but had to accept the English Bill of rights to have power

Question 27

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 27

Wrote the Leviathan
Stated humans used to be guided by animalistic instincts and struggle for self-preservation.
The absolute ruler possessed unlimited power
Subjects may not rebel but if the do they must be supressed

Question 28

John Locke

Answer 28

against absolute rule of one man
Wrote Two Treatises of Government
Believed humans used to live in a state of equality not war

Question 29

Mannerism

Answer 29

Created an air of anxiety, uncertainty, suffering, and a yearning for spiritual experience
Displayed figures with distorted proportion to show pain/suffering
Strong emotions

Question 30

El Greco

Answer 30

Painted by Domenikos Theotocopoulos
Had elongated and contorted figures with and eerie background of many grays
Had intense emotion

Question 31

Bernini

Answer 31

Completed St.Peters Basilica at the Vatican
Designed the colonnade enclosing the piazza
Used action,exuberance,profusion,and dramatic effects in his art

Question 32

Gentileschi

Answer 32

Female artist
First woman accepted into the Florentine Academy of Design
Was known for portraits now famed for her painting from scenes of the old testament

Question 33

Baroque

Answer 33

Reflected the search for power that was very present at the time.
Wanted to bring in religious ideas
Used many dramatic effects like lighting and shadows and colors to creat intense emotions
Constant movement

Question 34

French Classicism

Answer 34

Emphasis on clarity, simplicity, balance, and harmony of design
Portrayed things with the conception of grandeur

Question 35

Dutch Realism

Answer 35

Interested in the realistic portrayal of secular everyday life
Painted scenes and portraits

Question 36

Rembrandt van Rijn

Answer 36

Painted more introspectively

Painted biblical scenes as opposed to everyday life

Question 37

William Shakespeare

Answer 37

Dramatist that expressed the energy and intellectual versatility of the Elizabethan era
Best known for writing plays
Master of the english language

Question 38

Moliere

Answer 38

Wrote, produced, and acted in several comedies that satirized the religious and social world of his time
Protected by the king

Question 39

Miguel Cervantes

Answer 39

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