Chapter 19: French Revolution Flashcards
The Marquis de Lafayette
Head of the national militia after the fall of bastille
The Bastille
The royal armory filled with arms and ammunition
Also a state prison
Was stormed in 1789 by a mob looking for reform and revolution
Bourgeoisie
Middle class (2.3 million people) Owned 20 to 25% of the land Included merchants, industrialists, and bankers also lawyers, doctors, writers, and holders of public offices
Abbe Sieyes
3rd estate representative
Said “what is the third estate? Everything. What has it been thus far in political order? Nothing. What does it demand? To become something.”
The Estates General
French Parliamentary body
1st and 2nd estates got 300 representatives
3rd got 600 representatives
The Tennis Court Oath
When the 3 estate representatives went to meet but found the doors locked, they gathered at a nearby tennis court and swore that they would continue to meet until they had a constitution
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Inspired by the American declaration of independence
Gave ideas of freedom of speech and press, equality of all men, liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression
The Declaration of the Rights of Women
Written by Olympe de Gouges on the basis of the Declaration of the rights of the man and citizen
Was ignored by the national assembly
The Jacobins
Extreme radical revolutionists
Declaration of Pillnitz
An effort by Austria and Prussia to put the French king back into power because they were afraid of the revolution spreading to their countries
Sans Culottes
Ordinary Patriots without fine clothing
Ran the Paris Commune
Jacques Neckar
.
The Directory
A group of 5 electors chosen to be executive authority by the Council of Elders from a list provided by the Council of 500
Their reign held lots of corruption and relied heavily on the military
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Bishops and priests were to be elected by the people and paid by the state
All clergy were required to swear and oath of allegiance to this constitution
The pope forbade it
Georges Danton
Led the Paris Commune
Was a minister of justice
The Girondin
Moderate revolutionists
Maximillion Robespierre
Led the french revolution and went power crazy
Made a new calendar based on the day of french independence
Created the great Terror
Jean-Paul Marat
.
The Guillotine
A blade that came down and cut the head off of its victim
Was the big death penalty of the time
The Reign of Terror
The National Convention and Committee of Public Safety established this to take out everyone who had in some way opposed the revolution and the republic
Temple of Reason
The cathedral of Notre Dame was designated the Temple of Reason after dechristianization began. It held a holiday of the new calendar to celebrate liberty
Toussant L’Ouverture
Led the revolt of the slaves and seized control of all of Hispaniola
The Thermidorian Reaction
Began after the reign of terror
Controlled the power of the Committee of Public Safety, shut down the jacobin club, reopened churches, gave freedom of worship, and a new constitution was started
Napoleon Bonaparte
Military excellence and practically dictatorship control of France
Napoleons Civil Code
A uniform legal system that gave legal equality, protection of property and individuals but made women less equal to men
Austerlitz
Napoleon crushed the combined forces of Austria and Russia here causing Austria to sue for peace and Russia to retreat
Trafalgar
British defeat France via their navy
Waterloo
British/Prussian army defeated Napoleon in a bloody battle
The Grand Army
Frances huge army run by Napoleon
Elba and St. Helena
Elba - where he was first exiled(island off of Tuscany) but he returned
St. Helena - his place of final exile out in the south atlantic
