Chapter 16: Scientific Revolution Flashcards
Heliocentrism
Sun centered earth, where the earth and all other bodies move around the sun and the stars are fixed and the earth moves on its axis as well as rotating around the earth
Geocentrism
Idea of an earth center world, where 10 orbs or light and divinity circled the earth and beyond the 10th orb was heaven
Christianized
Nicolaus Copernicus
Wrote “On The Revolution Of The Heavenly Spheres” which contradicted Ptolemy and said the world was Heliocentric
Tycho Brahe
Studied the movement of the stars and planets very carefully. Had some of the most detailed observations. He rejected geocentric ideas but couldn’t agree with Copernicus that the earth moved
Johannes Kepler
Disproved the geocentric idea further. Made 3 laws that state: the planets move in elliptical orbits not circular, the speed of a planet depends on how close or far it is from the sun, planets with larger orbits have slower revolutions
Galileo Galilei
First to turn telescope to the sky, found moons around jupiter, found that the other orbs were made out of materials just like earth, was not very liked by the catholic church
Issac Newton
Combined the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
Made the 3 laws of motion
Made the universal law of gravity
World machine
Galen
Ancient greek physician, focused on anatomy/physiology/disease
Used animals in dissection instead of humans leaving his work inaccurate, physiology described two different blood streams, disease was based off an imbalance of the “humors”
Paracelsus
Rejected Aristotle and Galen
Believed in macrocosmic-microcosmic philosophy
Used chemical medicines with detail to dosage
“Like cures like”
Andreas Vesalius
Wrote “On The Fabric Of The Human Body”
Corrected many of Galen’s errors in anatomy but still clung to some errors
Hands on
William Harvey
Wrote “On The Motion Of The Heart And Blood”
Laid the foundation for modern physiology.
Corrected Galen’s misconceptions of the blood system
Robert Boyle
First scientist to conduct controlled experiments
Made a law that states “ the volume of gas varies with the pressure exerted on it”
Favored the theory of atoms
Antoine Lavoisier
Founder of modern chemistry
Invented a system of naming the chemical elements
Margaret Cavendish
Was a big participant in science but was excluded from the “Royal Society” of scientists
Criticized the idea that “through science men can control nature”
Maria Sibylla Merian
Entomologist
Used great illustrations to show her observations
Wrote “Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam”
