Chapter 21 Flashcards
addiction
physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug
additive action
drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
aerosol
particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled
anaphylaxis
exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein
antagonistic action
combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action)
antidote
agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
brand name
commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name
chemical name
chemical formula for a drug
contraindications
factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment
controlled substances
drugs that produce tolerance and dependance and have potential for abuse or addiction
dependence
physiologic need for a drug with prolonged use
dose
amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use
generic name
legal noncommercial name for a drug
iatrogenic
condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel
idiosyncratic reaction
unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people
inhalation
administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth
medicinal chemistry
study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects
molecular pharmacology
study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors
oral administration
drugs are given by mouth
parenteral administration
drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract)
pharmacist
specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs
pharmacy
location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs
pharmacodynamics
study of drug effects within the body
pharmacokinetics
study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time
pharmacologist
specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs
pharmacology
study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs
Physician’s Desk Reference; PDR
reference book that lists drug products
receptor
target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
rectal administration
drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum
resistance
lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process
response
desired and beneficial effect of a drug
schedule
exact timing and frequency of drug administration
side effect
adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug
sublingual administration
drugs are given by placement under the tongue
synergism
combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
syringe
instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body
tolerance
larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect; the patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as a treatment progresses
topical application
drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions
toxicity
harmful effects of a drug
toxicology
study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body
transport
movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells
United States Pharmacopeia; USP
authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing
vitamin
substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health
