Chapter 13 Flashcards
albumin
major protein in blood; maintains water content
antibody (Ab)
specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, etc; specific to an antigen and inactivates it
antigen
foreign substance/toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody
basophil
white blood cell containing granules that stain blue (with basic dye) associated with release of histamine and heparin
bilirubin
orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
coagulation
blood clotting
colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells
differentiation
change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization
eosinophil
white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions
erythroblast
immature red blood cell
erythrocyte
red blood cell; about 5 million per microliter/cubic millimeter of blood
erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation
fibrin
protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
globulin
plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immuno) globulins are examples
granulocyte
white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
hematopoietic stem cell
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
hemoglobin
blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
immunoglobulin
protein (a globulin) with antibody activity
leukocyte
white blood cell
lymphocyte
mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease
macrophage
monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris; in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria/other harmful organisms
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
monocyte
leukocyte with one large nucleus; a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris; become macrophages as they leave the blood/enter body tissues
mononuclear
pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus
myeloblast
immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes
neutrophil
granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte
plasma
liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood; collected cells are retransfused back into the donor; fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma
platelet
small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil
prothrombin
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte; a network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
Rh factor
antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals; factor was first identified in blood of rhesus monkey
serum
plasma without clotting proteins/cells
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized cell
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
thrombocyte
platelet
