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Anatomy Vocab > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounds and protects the cell, as well as regulate what passes in and out

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2
Q

nucleus

A

controls the operation of the cell; directs cell division; determines structure and function of the cell

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-like structures in the nucleus; all cells have 23 pairs, except for sex cells which have 23 unpaired; 46 total

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4
Q

genes

A

regions in the chromosomes that contain DNA

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5
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid; regulates cell activities; code-like sequence

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6
Q

karyotype

A

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

all material outside nucleus but inside cell membrane; carries on work of the cell

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

principal source of energy for the cell, responsible for catabolism

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9
Q

catabolism

A

complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cell; attached ribosomes build protein chains; responsible for anabolism

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

build proteins in long chains

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12
Q

anabolism

A

occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum; building large proteins from amino acids

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13
Q

metabolism

A

total of chemical processes occurring in a cell; combination of anabolism and catabolism

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14
Q

histologist

A

scientist who studies tissues

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15
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

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16
Q

larynx

A

voice box, located above the trachea

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17
Q

adipose tissue

A

fat

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18
Q

cartilage

A

elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones

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19
Q

pharynx

A

throat; common passageway for food and air

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20
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

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21
Q

pituitary gland

A

exocrine gland at the base of the brain

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22
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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23
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes

24
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a kidney to the urinary bladder

25
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

26
Q

uterus

A

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

27
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest; also called the peritoneal cavity

28
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

29
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; moves up and down and aids in breathing

30
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

pertaining to the back

31
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

32
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen; surrounded by hip bones

33
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity; attaches abdominal viscera to muscles; protective membrane around the organs

34
Q

pleura

A

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

35
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the pleural layers

36
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

37
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing heart, lungs, and other organs

38
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

pertaining to the front

39
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

40
Q

ascites

A

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

41
Q

right hypochondriac region of the abdomen

A

right upper region; “below the ribs”
1 on sudoku grid

42
Q

left hypochondriac region of the abdomen

A

left upper region; “below the ribs”
3 on sudoku grid

43
Q

epigastric region of the abdomen

A

region above the stomach; upper middle
2 on sudoku grid

44
Q

right lumbar region of the abdomen

A

right middle; near waist
4 on sudoku grid

45
Q

left lumbar region of the abdomen

A

left middle; near the waist
6 on sudoku grid

46
Q

umbilical region of the abdomen

A

central; near navel or umbilicus
5 on sudoku grid

47
Q

right inguinal/iliac region of the abdomen

A

right lower; near the groin
7 on sudoku grid

48
Q

left inguinal/iliac region of the abdomen

A

left lower; near the groin
9 on sudoku grid

49
Q

hypogastric region of the abdomen

A

middle lower; below the stomach
8 on sudoku grid

50
Q

list the four abdominal quadrants

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)

51
Q

where is the cervical region of the spine, and how many vertebrae are there?

A

neck region; seven vertebrae (C1-C7)

52
Q

where is the thoracic region of the spine and how many vertebrae are there?

A

chest region; 12 vertebrae (T1-T12); each bone is joined to a rib

53
Q

where is the lumbar spinal region and how many vertebrae are there?

A

waist; five vertebrae (L1-L5)

54
Q

describe the sacral region of the spine

A

lower back; five bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone—the sacrum

55
Q

describe the coccygeal region of the spine

A

the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces

56
Q

spinal disc

A

small pad of water and cartilage between the vertebrae as a shock absorber

57
Q

difference between the spinal column and spinal cord

A

spinal column is bone; spinal cord is nerves

Anatomy Vocab (19 decks)

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