Chapter 12

Question 1

external respiration

Answer 1

exchange of air at the lungs; inhalation and exhalation

Question 2

internal (cellular) respiration

Answer 2

exchange of gases at a cellular level; capillaries deliver oxygen and receive carbon dioxide to carry away

Question 3

nasal cavity

Answer 3

nose

Question 4

nares

Answer 4

nostrils

Question 5

paranasal sinuses

Answer 5

hollow, air-containing spaces within the skull; produce mucus, lighten the bones of the skull, and help produce sound

Question 6

three divisions of the pharynx

Answer 6

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 7

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Answer 7

collection of lymphatic tissue

Question 8

palatine tonsils

Answer 8

rounded masses of lymphatic tissue

Question 9

laryngopharynx

Answer 9

common passage for food and air; divides into the larynx and esophagus

Question 10

larynx

Answer 10

voice box

Question 11

epiglottis

Answer 11

cartilage flap at the root of the tongue; closes during swallowing to cover the trachea and prevent choking/aspiration

Question 12

trachea

Answer 12

windpipe; kept open by c-shaped rings of cartilage connected by fibrous connective tissue

Question 13

mediastinum

Answer 13

region in the center of the chest where heart and lungs are

Question 14

bronchial tubes

Answer 14

tubes composed of delicate epithelium surrounded by cartilage rings and a muscular wall; trachea splits into two; lead to the lungs and branch more

Question 15

bronchioles

Answer 15

small bronchial branches

Question 16

terminal bronchiole

Answer 16

final, tiny branches that end at alveoli

Question 17

alveoli

Answer 17

tiny sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles; one-cell-thick layer of epithelium; exchanges gases with the capillary surrounding it

Question 18

pleura

Answer 18

double-layered membrane that covers each lung

Question 19

parietal pleura

Answer 19

outer layer of the pleura, closer to the ribs

Question 20

visceral pleura

Answer 20

inner layer of the pleura, closer to the lung

Question 21

how many lobes do the lungs have?

Answer 21

the right has 3, the left has 2

Question 22

apex and base

Answer 22

the upper and lower parts of the lung

Question 23

hilum

Answer 23

midline region of the lung where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and the bronchial tubes enter and exit

Question 24

diaphragm

Answer 24

muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities; aids in breathing by contracting and descending with each breath

Question 25

cilia

Answer 25

tiny hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract; clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung

Question 26

pulmonary parenchyma

Answer 26

all the essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli