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Anatomy Vocab > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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3
Q

ovaries

A

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

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4
Q

pancreas

A

located behind the stomach; islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones; also contains cells that are exocrine in function; they secrete enzymes via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland; some people may have three or five

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6
Q

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis); weighs only 1/16 of an ounce and is a half-inch across

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7
Q

testes

A

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

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9
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

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10
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); adenocorticotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldosterone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) absorption

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12
Q

androgen

A

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

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13
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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14
Q

cortisol

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

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15
Q

calcitonin

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar; secretes in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

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16
Q

epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic); part of body’s fight or flight reaction

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17
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

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18
Q

estrogen

A

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; examples are estradiol and estrone

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19
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

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20
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose

21
Q

growth hormone (GH); somatotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

22
Q

insulin

A

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; helps glucose pass into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

23
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

24
Q

norepinephrine

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic)

25
Q

oxytocin (OT)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

26
Q

parathormone (PTH)

A

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

27
Q

progesterone

A

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

28
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

29
Q

somatotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

30
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

31
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning

32
Q

thyroxine (T4)

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronin; increases metabolism in cells

33
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells

34
Q

vasopressin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone; increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

35
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an animo acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla; epinephrine is one

36
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex; examples are cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens and estrogens

37
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are examples

38
Q

glucocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism; cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response

39
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

40
Q

hormone

A

chemical secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland; secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

42
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body; aldosterone is an example

43
Q

receptor

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

44
Q

sella turcica

A

cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland

45
Q

sex hormones

A

steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

46
Q

steroid

A

complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made
ster/o means solid, -ol means oil

47
Q

sympathomimetic

A

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline is an example, it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways

48
Q

target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Anatomy Vocab (19 decks)

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