Chapter 15a Bones

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

Question 2

acromion

Answer 2

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder; overlies the shoulder joint and articulates the clavicle

Question 3

bone

Answer 3

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

Question 4

bone depression

Answer 4

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

Question 5

bone process

Answer 5

enlarged area that extends from bones, covered in articular cartilage and serves as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Question 6

calcium

Answer 6

one of the mineral constituents of bone

Question 7

calcium phosphate

Answer 7

the major calcium salt in bones

Question 8

cancellous bone

Answer 8

spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

Question 9

cartilage

Answer 9

flexible connective tissue found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces (articular)

Question 10

collagen

Answer 10

dense connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, and skin

Question 11

compact bone

Answer 11

hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones

Question 12

cranial bones

Answer 12

skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

Question 13

diaphysis

Answer 13

shaft or mid-portion of a long bone

Question 14

disc

Answer 14

flat, round, plate-like structure; intravertebral _____ is a fibrocartilaginous structure between two vertebrae

Question 15

epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

Question 16

epiphysis

Answer 16

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

Question 17

facial bones

Answer 17

bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

Question 18

fontanelle

Answer 18

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

Question 19

foramen magnum

Answer 19

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Question 20

haversian canals

Answer 20

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

Question 21

ligament

Answer 21

fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones; bands, sheets, or strands located in and around joints

Question 22

malleolus

Answer 22

round process on both sides of the ankle joint; lateral is part of the fibula, and medial is part of the tibia

Question 23

manubrium

Answer 23

upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint

Question 24

mastoid process

Answer 24

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Question 25

medullary cavity

Answer 25

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

Question 26

metaphysis

Answer 26

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta means between)

Question 27

olecranon

Answer 27

large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

Question 28

orthopedist

Answer 28

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

Question 29

osseous tissue

Answer 29

bone tissue

Question 30

ossification

Answer 30

process of bone formation

Question 31

osteoblast

Answer 31

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

Question 32

osteoclast

Answer 32

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

Question 33

periosteum

Answer 33

membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

Question 34

phosphorus

Answer 34

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

Question 35

physiatrist

Answer 35

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation (physi/o means function)

Question 36

pubic symphysis

Answer 36

junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis; joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc

Question 37

red bone marrow

Answer 37

soft spongy (cancellous) tissue found in the interior of flat bones, such as the hip and breast bone; site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)

Question 38

ribs

Answer 38

twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall; true are the first 7 pairs; false are pairs 8 to 10; floating are pairs 11 and 12

Question 39

sella turcica

Answer 39

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Question 40

sinus

Answer 40

hollow air cavity within a bone

Question 41

styloid process

Answer 41

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Question 42

suture

Answer 42

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull

Question 43

temporomandibular joint

Answer 43

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

Question 44

tendon

Answer 44

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Question 45

trabeculae

Answer 45

supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 46

vertebra

Answer 46

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord

Question 47

xiphoid process

Answer 47

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

Question 48

yellow bone marrow

Answer 48

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones