Chapter 20: abuse/addictions/disabilities Flashcards
primary prevention and promotion of mental health approach
-characterized by its before the fact quality; it is intentional and group-oriented rather than individual-simply preventing something before it happens-emphasis of HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT, positive coping and growth so individuals able to deal with crises they face effectively-emphasis on ENVIRONMENT, the system
bloom’s configural model of prevention, 3 dimensions
- increase individual’s strengths and decrease limitations2. increase social support and decrease social stress3. address environmental variables, like poverty, natural disasters, community programming for youth
general principles counselors can apply to promote client development
-encourage anticipatory rehearsal of new adaptations-require constant externalization of what is learned and its correction by action (practice)-allow clients to experience consequences of decisions/acts-appreciate/affirm strengths
how to use the social-ecological perspective (addressing the system/environment)
-identify problem as being connected to a particular environment (don’t blame individual if substance abuse a problem in the COMMUNITY)-gain agreement that environment is client-assess the environment-promote social change/justice-evaluate outcome
secondary prevention
controlling mental health problems that have already surfaced but are not severe
tertiary prevention
controlling serious mental health problems to keep them from becoming chronic or life threatening (treatment)
how should work in terms of three levels of prevention be focused?
80% primary prevention (school-wide, classroom, all students staff)15% secondary prevention (specialized group systems for students w/ at risk behavior)5% tertiary (specialized individualized care for hi-risk students)
interpersonal abuse, most prevalent forms
-violent or neglectful actions against others, especially those within one’s family-two most prevalent: emotional & physical
child abuse vs neglect
child abuse: acts of commission, i.e. hittingchild neglect: acts of omission, i.e. failure to provide necessities
childhood sexual abuse is believed to be…
significantly underreported.sexual abuse of boys reported least
spouse/partner abuse
also known as domestic violence – aggression that takes place between adults in intimate relationships
abuse
the misuse or maltreatment of people, places, or things
the cycle of abuse
• Building tension• Abuse taking place (explosion)• Apologies, excuses, amends (honeymoon)-over time, honeymoon phase shrinks and explosive phase increases-abuse continues until interventions or insights result in behavioral changes
prevention and treatment of interpersonal abuse?
-prevention programs mainly educational/behavioral-treatment of child abuse complicated, involves legal, developmental, psychological issues-4 common treatments for spouse/partner abuse: marital therapy, anger management training, individual counseling, domestic conflict containment programs
intrapersonal abuse
the misuse of objects or substances produced for one purpose but are exploited excessively to the detriment of the person involved, resulting in addiction-almost any object/substance can become an addiction
three Cs of addiction
loss of ControlCompulsive use (obsessive, always thinking about it)Continued use (despite negative consequences)
factors involved in treatment of intrapersonal abuse/addiction
• Motivation – internal desire to change• Denial – minimizing effects of substance abuse on selfor others• Dual-diagnosis – more than one aspect of personality can be treated• Matching – the right treatment for a disorder• Control – the regulation of behavior (ev. has diff levels of control)• Relapse – the reoccurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated (normal part of recovery)
treatments for substance abuse & addiction
• Motivational Interviewing (MI) - a brief counseling intervention designed to reduce a client’s ambivalence toward change while increasing his or her motivation to engage in the behavior-change process• Solution-Focused Approach - emphasis is to get the client to think about what an improved life would look like and what changes would be needed to live such a life• Bibliotherapeutic approach - counselors have those who are addicted read books or view/listen to media and discuss ideas related to what they have experienced
12 step programs: what do they involve?
▫ admitting that one cannot control one’s addiction orcompulsion;▫ recognizing a higher power that can give strength;▫ examining past errors with the help of a sponsor (experienced member);▫ making amends for these errors;▫ learning to live a new life with a new code of behavior;▫ helping others who suffer from the same addictions or compulsions.
