Chapter 18 Flashcards
Canadian rate of marriage (. per 1000 ppl)Average age of marriage for canadiansize of avg family?
4.4 per 1000ppl married30 years is average age of marriage2.5 is avg size for family
divorce rate for first marriage? additional marriages?
40% for first marriage10% each additional marriage
types of families
nuclear: husband wife childrenmultigenerational: 3 gens (kids parents gparents)single-parentremarried (prev. married partner w/ children)dual-career family: what it sounds likechildless: omg!aging: heads of household 65+gay/lesbian: w/ or w/o kidsmulticultural family
3 events that has had an impact on the family since WWII
-sharp rise in divorce rate, has since leveld at 40%-changing role of women, more working outside the home-expanding lifespan
systems theory
“a generic term for conceptualizing a group of related elements (people) that interact as a whole entity (family or group).
TEXT 3 basic assumptions of systems theory counselling that distinguish it
- causality is interpersonal2. psychosocial systems best understood as repeated patterns of interpersonal interaction3. symptomatic behaviors must… be understood from an interactional viewpoint
circular causality
ongoing circular feedback loopsevents related thru series of interacting feedback loops(vs. normal linear causality)
largest oldest professional association in states for accredited marriage & family counsellors
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy6 schools in canadareq. minimum of master’s degree for accreditation
approx __% of all problems brought to counsellors are related to marriage and family issues
50% of all issues!
facts about family therapy efficacy
-at least as effective as individual therapy, lead to greater durability of change–some forms of family counselling more effective at some problems than individual approaches -presence of both parents, ESP. noncompliant fathers, greatly improves chances for success-when family counselling not offered to couples systematically, intervention can be NEGATIVE/worse-high client satisfaction, 97% rating services as good to excellent
family lifecycle! 9 stages
- Unattached adult: Accepting parent-offspring separation2. Newly married: Commitment to the marriage3. Childbearing: Accepting new members4. Preschool-age child: Accepting the new personality5. School-age child: Allowing child to establish relationships outside the family6. Teenage child: Increasing flexibility of family boundaries7. Launching center: Accepting exits from and entries into the family8. Middle-age adult: Letting go of children and facing each other9. Retirement: Accepting retirement and old age
family circumplex model, what measures?
family adaptability (ability to be flexible and change).b to t: rigid, structured, flexible, chaoticfamily cohesion (emotional bonding).l to r: disengaged, separated, connected, enmeshed-middle is most healthy
Triangulation
“a dysfunctional pattern of involving a third party to cope with a strained relationship”Involving a kid… A parent might not get along with partner, so gets closer to kidOr calls mom to deal with a conflict with partner, instead of addressing the conflict with the person in question
Enmeshment
refers to “family environments in which members are overly dependent on each other or are undifferentiated”
TEXT differences between group therapy and family therapy
-family members are NOT equal in status and power like in group therapy-families may perpetuate myths, groups more objective-more emotional baggage
TEXT questions to ask when initially working with a family
-outward appearance of family?-repetitive nonproductive sequences noticeable?-basic feeling state of family, who carries it?-what individual roles reinforce family resistance, what are most prevalent family defenses?-how are family members differentiated from each other? what are the subgroup boundaries?-what part of life cycle is family experiencing, what are it’s problem solving methods?
TEXT rules for couples counselling
-see both members FROM BEGINNING.if one member tries to change w/o other’s knowledge, conflict can ensue-treating one spouse alone for two sessions can increase other’s resistance to counselling and anxiety.best to see individually once equally at beginning, or half session each
TEXT identified patient
an individual who is seen as the cause of trouble within the family structure–whom family members use as their ticket of entry
structure (or FAMILY RULES)
implicit and explicit rules that govern interactions within the system (family) and subsystems
equifinality
many ways to reach outcomes, and every family has different starting points!-focus on interactional family patterns rather than conditions or events (e.g. a tragedy can make families stronger OR weaker)
non-summativity
family is greater than the sum of its parts (look at the interaction patterns over individual actions)
morphogenesis
.ability of family to modify its functioning to meet changing demands of internal and external factors.usually requires SECOND ORDER CHANGE over FIRST ORDER CHANGE .prof said just “first order and second order changes…”
